JUL  iH  1924 


Division  D-J/^n 
Section  ^l\  SB 


H  Scries  of  3oo\\5  on  tbe 
Xife  of  Cbinst, 

BY  KEY.  C.  J.  KEFHART,  A.M. 

TLbc  %iU  ot  Jesus  for  CbitDren, 

A  series  of  questions  on  the  leading  facts  in  the  life  of  Christ, 
simply  stated,  with  the  answers  in  simple  language  as  nearly  like  that 
of  the  Bible  as  possible.  The  Scripture  reference  is  always  given,  so 
that  older  children  may  search  for  themselves.  The  incidents  are 
arranged  in  chronological  order.  Admirably  adapted  for  use  at  home, 
in  the  Sunday  school,  in  Junior  young  people's  societies,  or  in  any 
class  for  tlie  teaching  of  Bible  truth  to  children.  ISmo.  Clearly 
printed,  bound  in  tough  paper. 

Price,  la  cents  each,  postpaid;  per  dozen,  $1.20. 

Jesus  tbe  1Fla3arene. 

A  Life  of  Jesus,  with  a  Parallel  Harmony  of  the  Gospels.  This  is 
the  story  of  Christ's  life  arranged  in  chronological  order.  It  is 
divided  into  chapters  indicating  tlie  years  of  his  work.  Tlie  style  is 
clear,  the  metliod  of  treatment  excellent.  The  unique  feature  is  the 
arrangement  of  the  harmony  and  the  references  to  tlie  corresponding 
Scripture  passage  by  columns  in  the  margin.  At  a  glance  the  reader 
can  tell  exactly  in  what  portion  of  the  Gospels  he  may  find  the  narra- 
tive. The  author  very  clearly  explains  the  important  questions 
regarding  the  dates  of  Jesus'  life,  the  length  of  his  ministry,  etc. 
Dr.  C.  R.  Blackall,  of  the  Baptist  Church,  furnishes  an  introduction. 
The  book  includes  an  appendix  containing  a  brief  dictionary  of  places, 
people,  and  institutions  of  Palestine  mentioned  in  the  Gospels,  a 
general  index,  and  a  Scripture  index.  Handsomely  printed  and 
bound  in  cloth. 

Price,  50  cents  net,  postpaid. 

^be  ipubllc  %itc  of  Cbrist. 

A  chart  and  map  of  Palestine  so  combined  as  to  present  to  the 
mind,  by  the  aid  of  the  eye,  both  the  chronology  and  the  geography, 
and  thus  the  mutual  relation  of  all  the  recorded  events,  of  the  public 
life  of  our  Saviour,  along  with  a  graphic  harmony  of  the  Gospels  cover- 
ing the  same  period;  folded  and  bound  with  a  complete  manual,  con- 
venient for  pocket  carriage.  This  chart  includes  a  map  of  Palestine, 
showing  the  name  and  location  of  all  the  leading  divisions,  towns, 
cities,  and  places  visited  by  Jesus  during  his  public  life.  By  means  of 
circles,  connecting  bands,  and  changes  in  color,  which  are  very  easily 
understood,  all  the  events  and  incidents  in  the  public  life  of  Christ 
are  shown  in  their  proper  relation  as  to  time  and  place.  This  is  a 
unique  book,  entirely  different  from  anything  else  ever  shown. 

Price,  cloth,  75  cents  ;  leather,  $1.00 ;  wall  edition,  $1.25. 

For  any  of  the  above,  address 

W.  J.  SHUEY,  Publisher,  DAYTON,  OHIO. 


Jesus  the  Nazarene 


A  BRIEF  LIFE  OF  OUR  SAVIOUR,  WITH 
A  PARALLEL  HARMONY 


REV.   C.   J.   KEPHART,   A.M. 


^^x  OF  mn^ 

JUL  IF,  1924 


Author  of  "The  Public  Life  of  Christ,"  and 
"  LiFF,  OF  Jesus  for  Children" 


WITH    INTRODUCTION    BY 
REV.  C.  R.  BI^ACKALL 


Dayton,  Ohio 

W.  J.  Shuey,  Publisher 

1894 


Copyright,  1894, 

By  W.  J.  Shuey,  Publishee. 

All  rights  reserved. 


TO 

cifatljBr  anb  jMotljer, 

WHO   FOR   MANY   YEARS   WALKED   HAND   IN   HAND 
WITH 

THE  LIVING  CHRIST 

AND 

WHOSE   LIVES   WERE   AN   INSPIRATION  AND  A  BENEDICTION 

TO   ALL   WHO   KNEW   THEM,   THESE   PAGES 

ARE   DEDICATED   BY 

®lje  lutljor. 


INTRODUCTION. 


If  there  were  any  need  of  evidence  to  prove  the  all-pervasiveness 
of  the  Name  that  is  above  every  other  name,  and  the  power  which 
that  Name  exercises  the  whole  world  over,  it  would  be  found  in  the 
continually  increasing  number  of  volumes  that  appear  with  Jesus 
Christ  the  Nazarene,  Son  of  man  and  Son  of  God,  as  their  subject. 
This  latest  contribution  to  the  literature  of  a  theme  worthy  of  the 
angels'  songs  is  timeh',  in  view  of  the  fact  that  in  all  lands  where 
the  International  Lessons  are  used  the  God-man  will  be  studied,  in 
a  course  extending  through  an  entire  year,  his  life  and  work  being 
presented  in  chronological  order. 

The  name  of  Jesus  Christ  appears  but  little  in  contemporaneous 
history;  hence  we  are  limited  as  to  sources  of  information.  If  the 
Gospels  had  been  written  in  such  order  and  completeness  that  a 
perfect  biograph}-  could  be  constructed,  the  way  would  be  clear;  but 
they  are  manifestl}^  very  far  from  being  full  along  certain  directions 
knowledge  in  regard  to  which  would  give  satisfaction  to  the  careful 
inquirer.  If  they  had  been  written  each  to  supplement  the  others, 
there  would  still  be  a  clear  path  and  the  possibility  of  definite 
agreement  upon  certain  questions  of  fact  concerning  which  there  is 
divergence. 

The  advantages  of  having  four  distinct  and  independent  narratives 
of  our  Lord's  work  and  teachings  while  in  this  world,  however,  are 
entirely  evident.  No  one  felt  called  to  write  a  detailed  life  of  the 
Master  until  the  original  sources  of  information  had  passed  away 
forever.  There  can  be  no  contention,  then,  as  to  authority  in  the 
matter,  and  we  are  shut  up  to  a  comparison  of  the  four  Gospels 
to  ascertain    and    arrange   the   facts   as  best  we    may.      Under    the 

iii 


iv  INTRODUCTION. 

circumstances  it  is  not  remarkable  that  questions  should  arise  upon 
■which  wise  men  should  differ,  and  hence  criticism  should  result  upon 
the  best  work  that  can  be  done;  but  fortunately  these  differences  are 
not  in  any  instance  vital  to  the  facts  themselves,  but  only  as  to  the 
sequence  of  the  facts,  while  each  writer,  being  fully  convinced  of 
the  accuracy  of  his  own  investigations,  nia}^  necessarily  seem  more 
or  less  dogmatic  in  statement.  The  study  given  by  the  author  in 
the  preparation  of  his  excellent  work,  "The  Public  Life  of  Christ," 
fitted  him  well  to  tell  this  story  of  the  life  and  work  and  teachings 
of  Jesus  the  Christ;  in  fact,  the  one  supplements  the  other  so  thor- 
oughly that  they  will  no  doubt  be  used  much  together. 

The  arrangement  whereby  reference  can  at  a  glance  be  made  to 
the  several  Gospels  that  state  given  facts  will  materially  aid  the 
general  reader  and  the  student,  while  the  use  of  the  Revised  Version 
for  quotations  is  an  obvious  advantage.  The  author  has  been  wise 
in  not  cumbering  his  text  with  descriptions  of  persons  and  places, 
and  thus  interfering  with  the  easy  flow  of  the  story;  the  appendix, 
however,  supplies  answers  to  queries  sufficient  for  the  time,  until 
a  Bible  dictionary  can  be  consulted  for  fuller  details.  The  volume 
has  been  prepared  with  reference  to  the  practical  needs  of  busy 
people;  hence  the  story  is  in  outline,  as  a  hand-book,  but  it  will 
Stimulate  thought  and  engender  an  earnest  desire  to  delve  yet  deeper 
in  the  Gospel  mine  for  the  rich  gems  that  may  be  gained  by  any  one 
who  will  honestly  seek;    for  in   no  regard  is  it  more  true  than  in 

this,  that  they  who  seek  will  surely  find. 

C.  R.  Blackall. 
Philadelphia,  May,  18^4. 


CONTENTS. 


PAGK. 

Introduction, 3 

CHAPTER   I. 

Chronology  or''  the;  Gospel,  Period, 

When   Was  Jesus   Born?  —  When  Was   Jesus   Baptized? — When 

Was  Jesus  Crucified?  —  Contemporaneous  P" vents.  -         -        9 

CHAPTER   II. 

Introductory  Period,     e.g.  5 — a.d.  26. 

Birth,   of  John   the  Baptist  —  Birth   of  Jesus — Flight   to   Egj^pt, 

and  Return  —  Life  at  Nazareth.        ------         18 

CHAPTER   III. 

The  First  Public  Year.     a.d.  21. 

The  "Voice  in  the  Wilderness  "  —  Baptism  of  Jesus  —  The  Tempta- 
tion—  First  Disciples  —  First  Miracle  —  First  Visit  to  Caper- 
naum—  At  the  Passover  —  Teaching  in  Judaea — At  Jacob's 
Well  —  Second  Visit  to  Cana.  ------         22 

CHAPTER  IV. 

The  Second  Public  Year.     a.d.  2S. 

At  "A  Feast  of  the  Jews" — Return  to  Galilee — First  Rejection 
— At  Capernaum — Pharisees  Complain  —  Sermon  on  the  Mount 
—  Raised  Widow's  Son — John  the  Baptist's  Inquiries  —  First 
Anointing — Scribes  Complain  —  Numerous  Parables — At  Ger- 
gesa — At  Levi's  Feast — "The  Hem  of  His  Garment"  — 
Jairus's  Daughter — "The  Son  of  David."  -         -         -  26 

V 


Vi  CONTENTS. 

CHAPTER  V. 

The  Third  Pubi^ic  Year.     a.d.  29.  page. 

Second  Rejection — John  the  Baptist  Beheaded  —  Five  Thousand 
Fed— Walked  on  the  Sea— "The  Bread  of  Life"— In  Gen- 
tile Territory — Through  the  Decapolis — Four  Thousand  Fed 
— In  the  Regions  of  Csesarea  Philippi  —  Transfiguration  — 
Paid  Tribute — At  the  Feast  of  Tabernacles  —  "The  First 
Stone"  — "Who  Did  Sin?"— Return  to  Galilee  — To  Jeru- 
salem Again  —  Rejected  by  Samaritans — The  Ten  Lepers — 
The  Seventy  —  Through  Peraea  —  At  the  Feast  of  Dedication.     35 

CHAPTER  VI, 

Three  Months  in  Seclusion,     a.d.  30. 

At  Bethabara — Raised  Lazarus  at  Bethany — At  Ephraim — Started 

to  Passover — At  Jericho — Arrived  at  Bethany.     -        -        -       46 

CHAPTER  VII. 

Passion  Week. 

Second  Anointing  —  Triumphal  Entr}' — Temple  Cleansed — Taught 
in  the  Temple — Final  Departure — Last  Supper — Arrest — 
Trial  —  The  Crucifixion — The  Burial.  -         -         .         _  ^q 

CHAPTER  VIII. 

Resurrection,  Appearances,  and  Ascension. 

Scenes  at  the  Sepulcher — First  Appearances — Thomas  Convinced 
—  At  the  Sea  of  Galilee — On  a  IMountain  in  Galilee — Ascen- 
sion. ..-_--_--_.         63 

APPENDIX. 

Palestine — Its   Cities,    People,    and   Institutions   in   the   Time  of 

Christ. 67 

General  Index,    ----------        y6 

Scripture  Index,      -- --  79 


AUTHORITIES. 


In  presenting  this  book  to  the  public,  I  desire  to  state  that  in  its 
preparation  I  was  materially  assisted  by  the  following  works:  An- 
drews' "Life  of  Our  Lord,"  Alford's  "Greek  Testament,"  Farrar's 
"Life  of  Christ,"  Kdersheim's  "The  Life  and  Times  of  Jesus  the 
Messiah,"  Geikie's  "Life  and  Words  of  Christ,"  McClintock  and 
Strong's  "Encyclopoedia,"  Thomson's  "The  Land  and  the  Book," 
and  Hurlbut's  "Manual  of  Biblical  Geography." 

In  all  quotations  from  Scripture  the  Revised  Version  is  used. 

C.  J.  K. 


JESUS  THE  NAZARENE. 


CHAPTER   I. 

Chronology  of  the  Gospel  Period. 

I.     W/ien   Was  Jes2ts  Born  ? 

The  Gospels  do  not  give  the  date.  Only  Matthew  and  Luke  give 
any  record  of  his  birth.  ]\Iattliew  says  (2:1)  that  it  occurred  "  in  the 
days  of  Herod  the  king."  But  as  Herod  ruled  at  least  thirty-eight 
years,  this  statement  does  not  assist  us  to  a  definite  date.  Luke 
tells  us  (2:1-7)  that  Jesus  was  born  while  Joseph  and  Mary  were  at 
Bethlehem  to  be  enrolled,  in  obedience  to  the  decree  of  Augustus 
Caesar.  But  Augustiis  ordered  three  separate  censuses  of  the  empire 
to  be  taken,  one  in  the  j'ear  of  Rome  726,  one  in  746,  and  one  in 
767.  Which  of  these  is  the  one  referred  to  by  Luke?  The  first  is 
evidentl}"  too  early,  and  the  last  just  as  evidently  too  late.  Hence, 
we  conclude  that  the  census  ordered  by  Augustus  in  746  is  the  one 
referred  to  in  Luke's  Gospel.  But  as  it  required  several  years  to 
complete  the  enrollment  of  the  citizens  of  the  empire,  we  do  not 
from  this  datum  reach  a  conclusion  as  to  the  year  of  the  birth.  We 
do,  however,  reach  a  date  before  which  the  birth  of  Jesus  did  not 
occur.     That  is,  Jesus  was  not  born  earlier  than  A.u.c.  746,  B.C.  8. 

Can  we  reach  a  date  after  which  his  birth  did  not  occur  ?  Matthew 
tells  us  (2  :  15,  19)  that  the  death  of  Herod  occurred  after  the  birth 
of  Jesus.  From  statements  made  by  Josephus,  it  is  estimated  that 
Herod  died  between  March  13  and  April  4,  a.u.c.  750,  b.c.  4,^  Jesus 
being  yet  a  child.     This,  then,  gives  a  date  after  which  Jesus  was 

•See  Andrews,  p.  i. 

9 


lO  JESUS  THE   NAZARENE. 

not  born.  These  data  fix  the  period  within  which  the  birth  of  Jesus 
occurred;  that  is,  between  the  Roman  years  746  and  750.  Beyond 
this,  certainty  cannot  be  reached.  Data  that  will  appear  in  the 
discussion  of  the  second  question  in  this  chapter  point  to  A.u.c.  749 
as  the  year;  that  is,  B.C.  5. 

As  to  the  time  of  the  3'ear,  we  may  get  some  help  from  Luke.  He 
tells  us  (i  :5-i4)  that  the  birth  of  John  the  Baptist  wa.s  announced 
to  Zacharias,  a  priest  of  the  course  of  Abia,  while  he  was  in  the 
discharge  of  his  duties  in  the  temple.  The  birth  of  John  preceded 
the  birth  of  Jesus  by  about  six  months  (Luke  i  :  36).  If  the  birth  of 
Jesus  occurred  in  749,  this  announcement  must  have  been  made  to 
Zacharias  not  later  than  some  time  in  74S.  From  Talmudical  state- 
ments and  from  statements  in  Josephus,  it  is  estimated  that  the 
course  of  Abia  served  in  the  temple,  in  the  year  748,  during  the 
week  April  17-23,  and  again  in  October,  3-9.1  During  one  of  these 
periods,  therefore,  we  conclude  that  Zacharias  received  the  promise 
of  the  birth  of  John.  This  puts  the  birth  of  Jesus,  which  occurred 
fifteen  months  after  the  annunciation  to  Zacharias,  either  near  the 
middle  of  A.u.c.  749,  or  in  December  of  749,  or  in  January  of  750. 
Tradition  favors  December,  and  there  are  no  strong  arguments 
against  it. 

II.     IV/tefz   Was  /es?(s  Baptized? 

The  Gospels  give  no  specific  reply.  Matthew  and  Mark  simply 
state  (Matt.  3;  Mark  1:1-10)  that  he  was  baptized  during  the  miu- 
istrj'  of  John  the  Baptist.  John  gives  no  account  of  the  baptism 
of  Jesus.  Luke  says  (3:1,  2 )  that  ' '  the  word  of  God  came  unto 
John"  "in  the  fifteenth  j-ear  of  the  reign  of  Tiberius  Caesar."  This 
marks  the  beginning  of  the  ministry  of  John  the  Baptist  as  occurring 
in  the  fifteenth  year  of  Tiberius's  reign.  John  had  probably  been 
preaching  some  months  when  Jesus  came  to  him  for  baptism.  At 
the  time  of  his  baptism  Jesus  "began  to  be  about  thirty  years  of 
age"  (Luke  3  :23). 

When    was   the   fifteenth   year   of   Tiberius's  reign?      He  became 

'  Andrews,  p.  13. 


CHRONOLOGY   OF  THE   GOSPEL   PERIOD.  II 

associate  ruler  with  his  step-father,  Augustus,  in  the  year  of  Rome 

764,   and  three   years  later  became  sole  ruler.     If  in  estimating  his 

fifteenth  year  we  count  from  767,  the  year  in  which  he  became  sole 

ruler,    we  shall  reach   782   as   his   fifteenth   year.      Subtracting   from 

this  thirty  years,   the  age  of  Jesus  at  his  baptism,  we  have  752  as 

the  year  of  his  birth.     But  we  have  seen  above  that  the  death  of 

Herod,  which  occurred  after  the  birth  of  Jesus,  is  not  to  be  placed 

later  than  750;  hence,  752  cannot  be,  according  to  this  estimate,  the 

year  of  Jesus'   birth,   nor  can  782  be  the  fifteenth  year  of  Tiberius. 

But  if  in  estimating  the  fifteenth   year   of  Tiberius  we  count  from 

the  beginning  of  his  associate  reign,  764,  then  we  reach  779  as  his 

fifteenth  year,  and  749  as  the  year  of  the  birth  of  Jesus,   a  date  in 

full  accord  wnth  all  ascertained  data.     We  therefore  take  779  as  the 

fifteenth  year  of  Tiberius.    John  began  baptizing  at  some  time  in  this 

year;  we  do  not  know  at  just  what  time,  probably  during  the  summer 

shortl}'  after  having  reached  the  age  of  thirt}'.     We  hence  conclude 

that  Jesus  was  baptized  in  the  latter  part   of  779  or  the  beginning 

of  780,  A.D.  26  or  27.     Tradition  gives  Januar}'  6  as  the  day  of  the 

month. 

III.      Jl7ie/i    Was  Jesus  Crucified? 

The  crucifixion  occurred  during  the  feast  of  the  Passover,  which 
came  annually  in  the  month  of  Nisan,  corresponding  with  the  moon 
of  our  March  or  April.  This,  however,  determines  neither  the  year, 
nor  the  day  of  the  month,  nor  the  day  of  the  week. 

Friday  is  very  generall}^  accepted  as  the  day  of  the  week,  although 
some  have  argued  for  Thursda}';  their  premises,  how^ever,  are  very 
unsatisfactor}-. 

The  decision  as  to  the  day  of  the  month  depends  upon  the  answer 
to  another  inquirj-:  Did  the  crucifixion  occur  before  or  after  the 
eating  of  the  Passover  supper?  John  13  :  r,  in  connection  with  what 
follows,  seems  to  indicate  that  the  supper  there  spoken  of  was  eaten 
before  the  Passover;  verse  29  speaks  as  though  some  preparation  for 
the  Passover  yet  remained  to  be  made;  John  iS :  28,  referring  to 
a  time  after  Jesus  and  the  disciples   had   eaten,   seems  to  say  that 


12  JESUS  THE   NAZARENE. 

the  Passover  had  not  yet  been  eaten;  John  in  19:14,  31  speaks  of 
the  day  of  the  crucifixion  as  "the  Preparation  of  the  passover." 
These  statements  taken  by  themselves  would  no  doubt  lead  to  the 
conclusion  that  the  crucifixion  occurred  before  the  Passover  supper. 
Turning  to  the  other  Gospels,  we  find  statements  quite  different. 
^Matthew  26  :  17-21,  Mark  14:12-18,  Luke  22:7-15,  all  state  with  great 
clearness  that  the  Passover  was  eaten  by  Jesus  with  his  disciples,  and 
hence,  that  it  occurred  before  the  crucifixion. 

It  is  not  to  be  denied  that  there  is  in  the  Gospels  a  difference  in 
statement  upon  this  point;  but  that  there  is  a  contradiction  in  their 
statements  does  not  follow.  Different  explanations  have  been  given. 
Probably  if  we  understood  fully  the  use  of  terms  b}'  each  of  the 
Evangelists,  we  should  have  no  difficult}-  in  seeing  that  they  agree, 
and  that  Jesus  did  eat  the  Passover  before  the  crucifixion.  The 
following  suggestions  may  help  to  the  solution  of  the  difficult}': 
(i)  The  statement  of  John  13  :  i  does  not  necessaril}-  denote  a  time 
in  immediate  chronological  connection  with  the  supper  spoken  of  in 
the  remainder  of  the  chapter.  (2)  Verse  29  maj-  mean  that  the 
disciples  thought  that  Judas  went  out  to  get  something  for  the 
remaining  days  of  the  feast,  as  the  feasting  continued  during  seven 
days.  (3)  The  words,  "the  passover,"  of  18:28,  ma}-  be  used  by 
John  in  a  general  sense  to  designate  the  feast  of  the  entire  week, 
and  not  technically  of  the  Passover  supper.  (4)  The  expression 
of  John  19:14,  31,  "the  Preparation  of  the  passover,"  may  mean 
the  preparation  da}'  of  the  Passover  week;  that  is,  the  day  of  the 
preparation  for  Sabbath  of  Passover  week.^- 

If  Jesus  did  eat  the  Passover  supper  with  his  disciples,  as  the 
writer  accepts,  then  the  crucifixion  occurred  on  15th  Nisan,  because 
the  Passover  supper  was  always  eaten  on  the  evening  of  14th  Nisan 
after  the  slaying  of  the  lamb  on  the  afternoon  of  the  same  day. 

But  this  does  not  fix  the  year  of  the  crucifixion.  It  is  held  that 
astronomical  calculations  show  that  between  the  years  a.d.  25  and 
35  only  the  years  2-],  30,  and  2>Z  ^"^^^  \^^\\  Nisan  on  Thursday.     This 

^Andrews,  pp.  465-4S1. 


CHRONOLOGY   OF  THE   GOSPEL   PERIOD.  I3 

argues  strongly  for  the  j-ear  30  as  the  year  of  the  crucifixion,  since 
27  is  too  early  and  s^  too  late.  But  as  the  calendar  was  not  so 
carefully  kept  then  as  now,  this  cannot  be  relied  upon  with  cer- 
tainty. 

Are  we  assisted  b}^  Scripture  statements  relative  to  the  length  of 
Jesus'  ministr}^? 

The  Gospels  do  not  give  us  any  definite  statement  as  to  the 
length  of  time  spent  by  Jesus  in  his  public  work.  This  has  led 
to  comparative  research  that  has  resulted  in  conclusions  widel}- 
diverse.  Neither  INIatthew,  nor  ]Mark,  nor  Luke  gives  any  indications 
as  to  the  length  of  Jesus'  ministry.  The}^  do  not  mention  his  pres- 
ence in  Judaea  after  his  departure  following  the  imprisonment  of  John 
the  Baptist  (Matt.  4:12;  Mark  1:14;  Luke  4:14)  until  his  return 
to  the  crucifixion  (Matt.  20:17;  Mark  10:32;  Luke  18:31);  nor 
do  they  give  anj^  indication  as  to  the  length  of  time  intervening 
between  his  baptism  and  the  arrest  of  John.  They  make  no  refer- 
ence to  anj'  feast  during  his  ministr}'  except  the  Passover  at  the 
close  of  his  life.  John  gives  quite  a  different  record,  and  3'et  he 
does  not  clearl}-  answer  our  inquir}-.  He  says  nothing  of  the  baptism 
or  temptation  of  Jesus,  but  speaks  of  events  intimately  connected 
therewith.  He  records  two  journeys  from  Judaea  to  Galilee  (John 
I  :  43  and  4:3),  with  a  third  clearly  implied  (compare  John  5  with 
6:1).  He  also  names  three  journeys  to  Jerusalem,  not  including 
the  journey  to  his  baptism  (John  2  :  13;  5:1;  7:  10).  These  all 
seem  to  have  been  from  Galilee.  He  also  speaks  of  six  feasts  that 
occurred  during  his  public  life:  three  Passovers  (John  2:13;  6:4; 
12  :  I  and  following);  one  feast  of  Tabernacles  (John  7);  one  feast 
of  Dedication  (John  10:  22);  and  one  feast  the  name  of  which  he 
does  not  give  (John  5:1). 

If  from  any  of  these  data  we  are  to  gain  help  in  deciding  the 
length  of  our  Lord's  ministr}',  it  must  be  from  the  statements 
respecting  the  Passover,  as  this  is  the  onl}'  feast  repeated;  the 
others  might  all  have  occurred  within  one  year.  If  we  can  decide 
definitel}-   the   number   of   Passovers    during    his    ministry,    we  can 


14  JESUS  THE   NAZARENE. 

decide  the  length  of  the  ministry,  as  the  Passover  occurred  annuallj-. 
If  there  were  three  Passovers,  his  public  life  must  have  covered  at 
least  two  years  and  a  few  months,  since  he  was  baptized  some- 
time before  the  first  Passover  named  during  his  public  life  (John 
1 :  26-33;  2: 13).  Although  three  Passovers  are  named  by  John,  some 
hold  that  there  were  only^  two,  explaining  the  words,  "the  pass- 
over,"  of  John  6:4,  as  a  gloss,  and  holding  that  the  feast  there 
named  was  identical  with  the  feast  of  Tabernacles  mentioned  in 
John  7.  This  would  reduce  his  ministr}-  to  one  3'ear  and  a  few 
months,  as  some  hold.  But  the  theory  is  i:ntenable,  and  now 
generally  abandoned. 

But  were  there  onl}-  three  Passovers  ? 

The  answer  to  this  depends  largely  upon  our  interpretation  of 
John  5:1.  What  feast  was  this  "feast  of  the  Jews,"  the  name  of 
which  John  does  not  give?  They  had  a  number  of  feasts — Purim, 
in  March;  Passover,  in  March- April;  Pentecost,  in  May;  Tabernacles, 
in  October;  Dedication,  in  December;  Trumpets,  which  occurred 
m.onthly;  and  Wood-gathering,  which  occurred  several  times  in  the 
5'ear.  if  nothing  else  were  necessar}'  to  meet  the  conditions  than 
that  the  gathering  be  a  feast,  then  an 3'  one  of  these  might  be  the 
one  referred  to  in  John  5:1.  If  the  one  there  named  was  any  one 
except  a  Passover,  then  it  would  be  possible  to  give  an  arrangement 
which  would  put  all  the  events  of  the  Saviour's  public  life  within 
two  j-ears  and  a  fraction.  If  it  was  a  Passover,  then  three  years 
and  a  fraction  are  necessar}-,  as  this  will  give  four  Passovers. 

Can  we  decide  what  feast  this  was? 

It  evidentl}'  occurred  between  the  Passover  of  John  2:13  and  that 
named  in  John  6  :  4.  Between  these  feasts  occurred  also  the  Judaean 
ministry  of  Jesus  (John  3  :  22).  It  is  very  generally  held  that  this 
ministry  occupied  several  months;  that  is,  that  it  began  very  soon 
after  the  Passover  of  a.d.  27,  and  continued  till  about  November 
or  December  of  the  same  year.  If  this  be  correct,  then  the  feast 
of  5  :  I  could  not  have  been  either  Pentecost  or  Tabernacles  of 
that   year,   as  Jesus  very   evidently   ' '  went   up ' '   to  this   feast   from 


CHRONOLOGY  OF  THE   GOSPEL   PERIOD.  15 

Galilee  after  the  Judaean  ministrj'  had  closed.  There  have  been  no 
advocates  for  Dedication,  and  very  few  for  either  of  the  minor 
feasts,  as  they  were  gatherings  of  little  significance.  This  would 
render  it  probable  that  the  feast  of  John  5  :  i  was  either  Purim  or 
Passover  of  a.d.  28.  A  number  of  able  writers  have  held  for 
Purim,  ^  most  of  whom  estimate  the  length  of  Jesus'  ministrj-  at 
two  years  and  a  fraction.  This  was,  however,  also  a  feast  of  minor 
importance,  having  originated  in  Persia,  not  by  divine  appointment, 
but  in  commemoration  of  the  preservation  of  the  Jews  from  the  plots 
of  Haman;  it  is  not  certain  that  this  feast  was  largely  attended  by 
the  Jews.  Other  writers  of  equal  eminence  prefer  Passover,-  as  it 
was  the  great  feast  of  the  Jewish  nation,  and  was  more  largely 
attended  than  any  of  the  others.  Accepting  Passover,  we  have 
three  years  and  three  months  as  the  length  of  time  occupied  b\'  our 
Lord  in  his  ministry,  a  period  more  in  harmony  with  the  work 
done  by  him  than  one  either  shorter  or  longer.  This  also  brings 
the  crucifixion  in  the  year  30,  in  harmony  with  conclusions  already 
reached. 

What  was  the  hour  of  the  crucifixion  ? 

Mark  says  (15  :  25),  "And  it  was  the  third  hour,  and  they  crucified 
him."  John  says  (19:  14),  referring  to  the  close  of  the  trial  of 
Jesus,  "It  was  ....  about  the  sixth  hour."  This  difference  of 
statement  has  given  rise  to  much  discussion,  and  to  various  expla- 
nations, none  of  which  are  entirely  satisfactory.  The  time  given 
b3-  Mark — the  third  hour,  about  9  a.m  —most  fully  harmonizes  with 
all  the  narrated  circumstances. 

Restating  conclusions,  we  have  the  following  dates  quite  satisfac- 
torily determined: — 

Jesus  was  born  December,  A.u.c.  749,  B.C.  5. 

He  was  baptized  either  late  A.u.c.  779,  a.d.  26,  or  early  a.u.c. 
780,  A.D.  27. 

The  crucifixion  occurred  9  a.m.,  Nisan  15,  April  7,  a.u.c.  783, 
A.D.  30. 

•  Tischendorf,  Meyer,  Wie?;eler,  Farrar,  Weiss,  and  otliers. 

^Lightfoot,  Grotius,  Greswell,  Wordsworth,  Weitbrechl,  Andrews,  and  others. 


l6  JESUS  THE   NAZARENE. 

IV.     Co7iteviporaneotis  Events. 

Palestine  became  subject  to  Rome  B.C.  63,  and  so  remained  until 
the  dissolution  of  the  empire.  Augustus  Caesar  reigned  B.C.  30  to 
A.D.  14.  Tiberius  Caesar  succeeded  him,  and  reigned  a.d.  14  to 
A.D.  i^]. 

Herod  the  Great  was  made  king  of  all  Palestine  B.C.  40,  and 
reigned  until  his  death,  a.d.  4.  At  his  death  his  kingdom  was 
divided  among  his  three  sons.  Archelaus  received  Judcea  and  Sama- 
ria, with  the  title  of  ethnarch,  and  ruled  until  a.d.  6,  when  he  was 
banished  to  Vienna,  in  Gaul.  Herod  Antipas  received  Galilee  and 
Peraea,  with  the  title  of  tetrarch,  and  ruled  until  a.d.  38,  when  he 
was  banished  to  Lyons,  in  Gaul;  later  he  removed  to  Spain,  where 
he  died.  Herod  Philip  received  the  Bashan  district,  all  east  of  the 
Jordan  except  Peraea,  with  the  title  of  tetrarch,  and  ruled  until  his 
death,  in  a.d.  34. 

After  the  banishment  of  Archelaus,  Judaea  and  Samaria  were 
annexed  directly  to  the  empire,  as  part  of  the  province  of  Syria, 
and  were  governed  by  the  following  procurators:  Coponius,  a.d. 
6-9;  Marcus  Ambivius,  a.d.  9-12;  Annius  Rufus,  a.d.  12-15;  Vale- 
rius Gratus,  a.d.  15-26;  Pontius  Pilate,  a.d.  26-36,  with  others  fol- 
lowing down  to  the  destruction  of  the  cit}',  a.d.  70. 

These  data  furnish  us  the  following  facts  relative  to  the  life  of 
Jesus:  First,  his  birth  occurred  while  x\i:gustus  Caesar  was  emperor 
of  Rome;  second,  from  the  earl 3'  childhood  of  Jesus  until  after  his 
death  Herod  Antipas  ruled  in  Galilee  and  Peraea,  and  during  the  same 
period  Herod  Philip  ruled  in  the  Bashan  district,  while  Judaea  and 
Samaria  were  ruled  by  a  succession  of  procurators;  third,  the  public 
life  of  Jesus  occurred  while  Tiberius  Caesar  was  emperor  of  Rome 
and  Pontius  Pilate  was  procurator  of  Judaea  and  Samaria. 

The  inhabitants  of  Judaea  in  New  Testament  times  were  largely 
descendants  of  Hebrews  returned  from  the  Babylonian  captivity.  The 
inhabitants  of  Samaria  were  descendants  of  Cuthite  and  other  Assyr- 
ian colonists  imported  after  the  Assyrian  captivity.  (See  II.  Kings 
17,  and  Trench  on  the  Parable  of  the  Good  Samaritan.)    Galilee  was 


CHRONOLOGY   OF  THE   GOSPEL   PERIOD.  17 

occupied  chiefly  by  Jews  less  superstitious  than  those  of  Judaea. 
Peraea  and  the  Bashan  district  were  occupied  b}'  Jews  and  Gentiles, 
who  intermingled  but  little. 

The  great  majority  of  the  people  were  abjectly  poor,  and  because 
of  their  inability  to  observe  the  law  with  the  exactness  required  by 
the  interpretation  of  the  Rabbis,  were  virtually  outcasts  in  the  eyes 
of  the  religionists  of  the  times. 

The  temple  of  New  Testament  times  was  begun  bj'  Herod  B.C. 
20-17,  but  was  not  completed  until  a.d.  65.  Here  the  devout  Jews 
of  all  Palestine,  and  indeed  of  all  the  world,  assembled  statedly  for 
worship.  The  Samaritans  worshiped  at  Mt.  Gerizim,  where  was  a 
temple  built  by  Sanballat,  with  the  consent  of  Alexander  the  Great, 
about  B.C.  325. 


CHAPTER   II.  1 


The  Introductory  Period,     b.c.  6  to  a.d.  26. 


Mark. 


In  October  of  the  year  of  Rome  748,  B.c 
6,  while  Zacharias  was  in  the  discharge  of 
his  priestly  duties  at  Jerusalem,  an  angel 
of  the  Lord  appeared  to  him  and  announced 
that  his  wife  Elizabeth,  hitherto  childless, 
should  bear  a  son  who  should  be  named 
John;  that  he  should  "go  before  his  [the 
Lord's]  face  in  the  spirit  and  power  of 
Elijah  "  (Luke).  Delighted,  3'et  doubting, 
Zacharias  returned  to  his  home  in  the  hill 
country- of  Judaea,  probabl}'  Hebron,  where 
the  child  was  born  in  June  of  B.C.  5. 
' '  And  the  child  grew,  and  waxed  strong  in 
spirit,  and  was  in  the  deserts  till  the  day 
of  his  showing  unto  Israel "  (Luke  i  :8o). 

Six  months  after  the  annunciation  to 
Zacharias,  the  angel  Gabriel  came  to 
Mary,  a  virgin  of  Nazareth  in  Galilee,  a 
descendant  of  David,  the  espoused  of 
Joseph  a  carpenter,  and  promised  to  her 
the  miraculous  conception  of  a  son,  whom 
she  should  name  Jesus,  saj'ing,  "  He  shall 
be  great,  and  shall  be  called  the  Son  of 
the  Most  High:  and  the  Lord  God  shall 
give  unto  him  the  throne  of  his  father 
David:  and  he  shall  reign  over  the  house 
of  Jacob  for  ever;  and  of  his  kingdom 
there  shall  be  no  end"  (Luke). 


1:3s- 


John. 


'  Note. — In  the  following  pages,  marginal  references  are  employed  to  indicate  the  Scrip- 
ture passages  relating  to  the  various  incidents  in  the  life  of  Jesus.  A  reference  placed 
under  a  horizontal  line  indicates  the  beginning,  and  one  placed  above  a  horizontal  line 
indicates  the  end,  of  that  portion  of  the  narrative  to  which  the  Scripture  reference  applies. 

18 


THE   INTRODl'CTORY    PKRIOD.      B.C.    6   TO    A.D.    26. 


19 


Mark. 


vSome  time  after  this  the  angel  of  the 
Lord  appeared  to  Joseph  in  a  dream,  and 
informed  him  of  God's  purpose  in  reU^tion 
to  his  espoused  wife,  and  directed  him 
also  to  call  the  name  of  the  child  "Jesus; 
for  it  is  he  that  shall  save  his  people 
from  their  sins"  (Matthew). 

About  this  same  time  Augu.stus  C?esar 
ordered  that  a  census  of  the  empire  should 
be  taken.  In  answer  to  this  requirement, 
and  according  to  Jewish  custom,  Joseph 
and  ]Mary,  now  husband  and  wife,  went 
to  the  village  of  Bethlehem  in  Judaea,  the 
city  of  David,  to  be  registered.  INIany 
others  having  come  on  a  like  errand, 
Bethlehem  was  over-crowded,  so  that 
Jose]:)li  and  INIar}-  found  it  necessary  to 
take  shelter  in  a  cave.  ^  Shortly  after- 
ward ]\Iary  gave  birth  to  her  firstborn, 
Jesus  the  Son  of  man,  the  Son  of  God. 

Thus  quietly  and  in  great  humility 
occurred  the  birth  of  the  world's  Re- 
deemer. But  the  birth  of  Jesus,  unnoticed 
by  men,  was  not  wholly  unheralded.  To 
a  company  of  shepherds  keeping  watch 
over  their  flocks  near  Bethlehem,  the 
angel  of  the  Lord  appeared  with  the  mes- 
sage, "Be  not  afraid;  for  behold,  I  bring 
5^ou  good  tidings  of  great  joy  which  shall 
be  to  all  the  people:  for  there  is  born  to 


Luke. 


John. 


'  "The  sacred  spot  where  Jesus  was  born  is  pointed  out  as  in  a  cave  under  the  high  altar 
of  the  great  Church  of  the  Nativity.  Nor  is  there  anything  improbable  in  a  cave  being 
thus  honored,  for  it  is  quite  common  in  Palestine  to  build  a  house  against  the  mouth  of 
such  a  natural  chamber,  to  have  the  benefit  of  it  either  as  a  stable  or  a  lumber-room.  You 
go  down  by  a  flight  of  steps  to  the  supposed  '  stable,'  now  made  into  a  kind  of  room  by 
hangings,  once  splendid,  on  the  walls  and  roof.  Two  huge  gilt  candlesticks  rise  in  the 
corner;  a  wall  altar,  over  which  is  a  smoke-blackened  picture,  takes  up  some  space,  and 
below,  rising  from  the  ground  at  the  same  side,  is  a  small  scallop-shaped  recess,  fringed 
with  lamps  always  burning,  and  paved  with  various  colored  marble,  forming  a  star  with  a 
silver  center,  while  along  the  outer  edge  there  run  the  words,  in  Latin,  '  Here  Jesus  Christ 
was  born  of  the  Virgin  Mary.'  I  frankly  confess  that  the  spot  had  a  mighty  power  over 
me,  for  it  has  really  very  high  claims  to  be  regarded  as  genuine,  tradition  having  marked 
it  as  such  since  the  second  century." — Geikie's  "  New  Testament  Hotirs,"  pp.  4,5. 


20 


JESUS  THE   NAZARENE. 


Mark. 


you  this  day  in  the  cit}'  of  David  a 
Saviour,  which  is  Christ  the  Lord."  And 
suddenly  a  multitude  of  the  heavenly 
host  took  up  the  refrain, — 

"  Glory  to  God  in  the  highest, 
And  on  earth  peace  among  men  in  whom  he  is  well 
pleased  "  (Luke). 

On  the  eighth  day  the  child  was  cir- 
cumcised and  named  Jesus.  At  the  end 
of  fort}'  days  he  was  presented  in  the 
temple,  where  he  was  met  and  greeted 
by  the  aged  and  devout  Simeon  and  b}' 
the  prophetess  Anna. 

Shortly  after  this  occurred  the  visit  of  the 
Magi,  who,  directed  of  God,  came  "from 
the  east  to  .  .  .  Jerusalem,"  and  asked: 
"Where  is  he  that  is  born  King  of  the 
Jews?  for  we  saw  his  star  in  the  east,  and 
are  come  to  worship  him"  (Matthew). 
This  inquiry  aroused  the  ever  jealous  Her- 
od, and  he  immediately  set  about  seeking 
"the  3^oung  child  to  destroy  him"  (Mat- 
thew). Warned  of  God,  Joseph  and  Mary 
fled  vvith  the  child  to  Egj^pt  for  refuge, 
and  remained  there  until  after  the  death  of 
Herod.  1  Learning  that  the  Magi  did  not 
return  as  he  requested,  Herod  ordered  the 
slaughter  of  all  the  children  of  Bethlehem 
from  two  years  old  and  under — an  awful 
picture  of  the  heart  of  this  vicious  king. 

At  length,  informed  of  the  death  of 
Herod,  the  Holy  Family  returned  to  Pal- 
estine. Avoiding  Judaea  for  fear  of  Arch- 
elaus,  they  went  directly  to  Nazareth  in 
Galilee. 

Of  the  further  events  of  the  childhood 
and  early  manhood  of  Jesus  we  know  but 


J  oil  n . 


'  The  flight  into  Egypt  must  have  occurred  not  later  than  the  early  part  of  B.C.  4,  for 
Herod  died  only  a  few  days  before  the  Passover  of  that  year.  How  long  before  his  death 
their  flight  occurred  we  do  not  know,  and  hence  cannot  determine  the  length  of  time  they 
remained  in  Egypt.  Scholars  are  divided  in  their  estimate  between  a  few  months  and  as 
many  years. 


THE   INTRODUCTORY  PERIOD.      B.C.    6  TO   A.D.    26. 


21 


Matt. 


Mark. 


little.  At  the  age  of  twelve  he  was  taken 
to  the  feast  of  the  Passover  at  Jerusalem 
for  the  first  time.  The  story  of  his  being 
missed  by  his  parents  and  of  their  finding 
him  in  the  temple  in  the  midst  of  the 
doctors  of  the  law,  is  one  of  too  great 
beauty  to  be  told  in  language  other  than 
that  of  Holy  Writ.  Read  it  in  Luke  2  : 
42-49. 


Luke. 


John. 


Of  the  events  of  the  Saviour's  life  between  this  visit  to  the  Passover 
and  his  entrance  upon  his  public  ministry,  we  only  know  that  "he 
went  down  with  them  [his  parents],  and  came  to  Nazareth;  and  he 
was  subject  unto  them,"  and  "advanced  in  wisdom  and  stature,  and 
in  favour  with  God  and  men"  (Luke  2  :  51,  52). 

He  learned  the  carpenter's  trade  (Mark  6:3),  and,  as  Justin  Martyr 
writes,  "did  make,  while  among  men,  ploughs  and  yokes,  thus  setting 
before  them  symbols  of  righteousness,  and  teaching  them  an  active 
life." 

From  the  fact  that  the  records  of  his  later  life  contain  no  refer- 
ence to  Joseph,  his  reputed  father,  it  is  thought  that  Joseph  died 
before  Jesus  began  his  public  ministr}-. 

The  Gospels  maintain  even  a  more  complete  silence  respecting 
the  childhood,  youth,  and  early  manhood  of  John  the  Baptist.  Aside 
from  the  statement  of  Luke  i  :  80,  we  know  nothing  of  his  life  from 
the  day  of  his  circumcision  until  he  appeared  in  the  wilderness  of 
Judaea  with  the  same  abruptness  that  characterized  the  first  appear- 
ance of  his  great  ancestor,  the  prophet  Elijah. 


CHAPTER  III. 


The  First  Public  Year.    a.d.  27. 


Matt. 


3:1 


Mark. 


J  anil  ary- February. 

' '  In  those  days  cometh  John  the  Baptist, 
preaching  in  the  wilderness  of  Judaea" 
(Matthew).  He  had  been  preaching  some 
time — it  may  be,  several  months — when 
Jesus  came  for  baptism.  His  work  was 
ver}'  successful,  so  that  multitudes  from 
"Jeru.salem,  and  all  Judaea,  and  all  the 
region  round  about  Jordan"  came  to 
him,  "and  they  were  baptized  of  him  in 
the  river  Jordan,  confessing  their  sins" 
(Matthew). 

At  length  Jesus  came  from  Nazareth 
in  Galilee  to  be  baptized.  John  at  first 
hesitated,  but  at  length  consented,  and 
baptized  him.  As  Jesus  came  up  out  of 
the  water,  the  Holy  Spirit  came  upon 
him  in  the  form  of  a  dove,  and  God  the 
Father  testified  in  an  audible  voice  that 
Jesus  was  his  beloved  Son. 

Immediately  Jesus  was  led  of  the  Spirit 
into  the  wilderness  "to  be  tempted  of  the 
devil."  Here  the  Saviour  spent  fort3'da3'S 
and  forty  nights  in  fasting,  at  the  close 
of  which  he  hungered.  In  the  course  of 
his  temptation  he  was  taken  to  a  pinnacle 
of  the  temple,  and  also  to  an  exceeding 
high  mountain.  At  the  close  of  the 
temptation  "angels  came  and  ministered 
unto  him"  (Matthew). 

During  the  temptation  of  Jesus,  John 


Luke. 


3:1 


John, 


THE   FIRST   PUBLIC   YEAR.      A.D.    2/. 


23 


Matt. 


Mark. 


the  Baptist  remained  at  Bethabara,  teach- 
ing and  baptizing.  Meanwhile  a  depu- 
tation of  Levites  came  to  him  from 
Jerusalem  and  asked  him  whether  he 
was  the  Messiah.  John  replied  with  a 
distinct  denial.  On  the  next  daj-  Jesus 
returned  from  the  temptation,  and  as  he 
approached,  John  pointed  him  out  as  the 
Messiah,  in  the  language,  "Behold,  the 
Lamb  of  God,  which  taketh  aw^ay  the  sin 
of  the  world ! "  (John.)  The  next  da}^  he 
repeated  the  announcement,  and  two  of  his 
disciples,  Andrew  and  John,  left  John  and 
became  disciples  of  Jesus.  Andrew  shortlj' 
afterward  found  his  brother  Simon  and 
brought  him  to  Jesus,  who  at  once  named 
him  Cephas,  a  stone.  Accompanied  b}- 
these  his  first  followers,  Jesus  started  to 
Galilee,  and  on  the  way  secured  two  more 
disciples,  Philip  and  Nathanael.  Three 
days  later  he  arrived  at  Cana,  where  with 
his  mother  and  newly  secured  disciples 
he  attended  a  wedding.  Here  he  per- 
formed his  first  miracle,  turning  six 
water-pots  of  water  into  wine. 

March. 

After  the  wedding,  Jesus,  with  his 
mother,  brethren,  and  disciples,  made  a 
short  visit  to  Capernaum.  ^ 

April-November. 

After  a  short  sta\'  at  Capernaum  Jesus 
went  up  to  Jerusalem  to  the  Passover.^ 
During  the  feast  he  cleansed  the  temple, 
driving  out  those  who  were  polluting  it 
b}^  using  it  for  mercenary'  purposes.    Here 


Luke 


^  Of  what  occurred  during  this  visit  we  are  not  informed. 
''The  Passover  occurred  this  year  April  11-17.    (  Andrews,  p.  \i 


24 


JESUS  THE  NAZARENE. 


he  also  gave  his  first  recorded  public 
teaching.  The  Jews  were  at  once  aroused 
to  opposition  because  of  his  claiming  such 
unusual  authority,  and  their  demands 
rendered  necessary  his  first  personal  vin- 
dication. During  the  feast  he  wrought  a 
number  of  miracles,  in  consequence  of 
which  many  believed.  He  was  visited 
privately  by  Nicodemus,  a  ruler  of  the 
Jews,  a  member  of  the  Sanhedrin,  to 
whom  he  spoke  with  great  force  of  the 
necessity  and  nature  of  the  "new  birth." 
After  the  feast,  taking  his  disciples,  the 
number  of  whom  had  increased  some- 
what, he  withdrew  to  the  country,  where 
he  engaged  for  some  time  in  teaching 
and  baptizing,  John  the  Baptist  being 
similarly  engaged  at  ^non.^ 

December. 

"When  therefore  the  Lord  knew  how 
that  the  Pharisees  had  heard  that  Jesus 
was  making  and  baptizing  more  disciples 

than    John he    left    Judsea,    and 

departed  again  into  Galilee"  (John).  At 
this  point  Jesus  practically  closed  his 
Judaean  ministry;  his  visits  to  this  region 
after  this  were  only  of  short  duration,  and 
were  not  especially  for  teaching. 

In  going  to  Galilee  he  went  through 
Samaria,  passing  Jacob's  well  near  Sy- 
char.  Here  occurred  the  conversation 
with  the  woman  of  Samaria,  in  the  course 
of  which  Jesus  gave  his  first  announce- 
ment of  his  Messiahship.  He  tarried  in 
the  city  two  days,  and  taught,  in  response 


'  What  parts  of  Judsea  were  visited  by  Jesus  during  this  time  we  are  not  told,  iior  are  we 
told  the  length  of  time  thus  occupied  by  him.  It  is  probable,  and  generally  believed,  that 
it  covered  some  months,  perhaps  April  to  November  inclusive  ;  that  is,  almost  the  whole 
of  our  Lord's  first  public  year  seems  to  have  been  spent  in  Judaea.  "Jesus  himself  bap- 
tized not,  but  his  disciples  "  (  John  4:2). 


THE   FIRST   PUBLIC  YEAR.      A.D.    2"]. 


25 


Matt 


Mark. 


to  which  many  believed.  Leaving  Sama- 
ria, he  went  to  Galilee,  where  he  was 
received  with  expressions  of  great  esteem, 
many  of  the  Galileans  having  been  pres- 
ent and  witnessed  what  he  did  at  the 
feast  at  Jerusalem. 

He  came  at  length  to  Cana,  where  he 
was  visited  by  a  nobleman  from  Caper- 
naum, who  requested  that  he  would 
"come  down,  and  heal  his  son,"  who 
was  13'ing  at  Capernaum  "at  the  point  of 
death"  (John).  Without  going  to  Caper- 
naum Jesus  granted  his  request  by  healing 
his  son,  though  he  was  seventeen  miles 
distant.  This  was  the  second  miracle  that 
he  performed  at  Cana.  From  all  that  we 
can  learn  we  conclude  that  Jesus  now 
spent  some  months  in  retirement,  taking 
rest.  His  disciples  meanwhile  returned 
to  their  own  homes  and  to  their  business, 
fishing.  During  this  inter\^al  the  first 
year  of  our  Lord's  public  life  closed.        | 


John. 


CHAPTER   IV. 


The  Second  Public  Year.    a.d.  28. 


J  a  n  iiary-April. 

After  spending  some  time  in  retire- 
ment Jesus  went  again  to  Jerusalem  to 
the  Passover/  "a  feast  of  the  Jews." 
While  at  the  feast  he  healed  an  impotent 
man  at  the  pool  of  Bethesda  on  the  Sab- 
bath daJ^  This  aroused  great  opposition 
upon  the  part  of  the  Jews,  extending  even 
to  a  conspiracy  to  take  his  life.  Notwith- 
standing this  opposition,  Jesus  continued 
to  teach,  speaking  ver}'  plainl}'  of  his 
relation  to  the  Father,  of  his  own  work, 
and  of  the  conditions  necessary  to  per- 
sonal salvation. 

Learning  about  this  time  that  John  the 
Baptist  had  been  arfested  and  thrown  into 
prison,  Jesus  withdrew  again  to  Galilee, 
and  on  his  way  passed  through  Nazareth. 
On  the  Sabbath  he  went  into  the  syna- 
gogue, and  being  accorded  the  privilege 
of  speaking,  he  read  from  Isaiah  61  :  i,  2, 
and  preached.  The  people  were  at  first 
greatly  delighted  ' '  at  the  words  of  grace 
which  proceeded  out  of  his  mouth" 
(Luke),  but  at  length  became  offended, 
and  attempted  to  cast  him  headlong  over 
the  brow  of  the  hill  on  which  the  cit}-  was 
built.  Passing  through  their  midst,  he 
went  again  to  Capernaum.     He  now  se- 


Liike. 


John. 


^Date  offcast,  March  30-April  5.     (  .\iidrews,  p.  iS 

26 


THE   SECOND   PUBLIC   YEAR.     A.D.    2o. 


27 


Matt, 
to 

4:22. 


Mark. 


.■23-23. 


^.■2.4. 


I--4S' 


lected  this  as  his  home,  and  entered  fully 
upon  his  ministr}'  in  Galilee. 

He  proceeded  first  to  re-collect  his  dis- 
ciples, who,  some  months  before,  had 
returned  to  their  homes.  ^  In  connection 
with  this  second  call  occurred  the  first 
miracvilous  draught  of  fishes,  which  so 
excited  Peter  that  he  "fell  down  at  Jesus' 
knees,  saying,  Depart  from  me;  for  I  am 
a  sinful  man,  O  Lord."  Jesus  replied, 
"Fear  not;  from  henceforth  thou  shalt 
catch  men"  (Luke).  After  this,  Jesus 
went  into  the  synagogues  on  the  Sabbath 
days  and  taught.  On  the  first  Sabbath 
there  was  a  demoniac  present  in  the  syna- 
gogue, and  Jesus,  with  a  word,  healed 
him,  to  the  amazement  of  all.  Afterward 
he  retired  to  the  home  of  Peter,  where  he 
healed  Peter's  mother-in-law,  and  after 
sunset  of  the  same  day  he  healed  multi- 
tudes who  were  suffering  from  various 
afflictions. 

May-Augtist. 

The  next  morning,  rising  very  early, 
he  went  out  to  a  place  of  seclusion  to 
pra}'.  Peter  found  him  at  length,  and 
urged  him  to  return  to  Capernaum,  as 
the  multitudes  were  waiting  to  hear  him. 
But  he  replied,  "  I  must  preach  the  good 
tidings  of  the  kingdom  of  God  to  the 
other  cities  also"  (Luke),  and  he  started 
on  his  first  circuit  through  the  towns  and 
villages  about  Capernaum.  During  this 
circuit  he  taught  and  healed  many. 

At  length  he  returned  to  Capernaum, 
where  great  multitudes  gathered  at  once 
to  hear  him.  Many  sick  were  brought 
for    healing,    among    them    a    paralytic. 


Lukt 


John 


5--r6. 


(?) 


•  See  page  25. 


28 


JESUS   THE   NAZARENE. 


Matt. 


who,  because  of  the  multitude  present, 
was  let  down  into  his  presence  through 
the  roof.  All  were  healed.  These  things, 
while  they  excited  the  common  people 
greatly  in  his  favor,  only  served  to  arouse 
the  enmitj'  of  the  Pharisees,  and  when 
he  announced  the  forgiveness  of  the  sins 
of  the  paral3-tic,  they  openly  charged 
him  with  blasphemy.  At  length  he  with- 
drew to  the  seashore,  where  he  saw  Levi, 
a  publican,  collecting  tribute.  Upon 
Jesus'  requesting  him  to  become  one  of 
his  disciples,  Levi  gave  up  his  business 
and  followed  him.^ 

After  the  call  of  Levi,  Jesus  and  his 
disciples,  while  journeying  in  and  about 
Capernaum,  on  a  certain  Sabbath  passed 
through  a  field  of  wheat  or  barle}-.  As 
they  passed  along,  the  disciples  plucked 
a  few  heads  of  grain  and  rubbed  them  in 
their  hands  to  get  the  kernels.  The 
Pharisees,  seeing  this,  and  noticing  also 
that  Jesus  did  not  reprove  the  disciples, 
became  greatly  incensed,  because,  as  they 
claimed,  he  was  tolerating  the  violation 
of  the  law  of  the  Sabbath.  But  Jesus  vin- 
dicated the  disciples,  and  in  a  word  taught 
the  Pharisees  and  the  world  the  true  doc- 
trine of  the  Sabbath.  "The  Sabbath," 
said  he,  "  was  made  for  man,  and  not  man 
for  the  Sabbath ' '  ( Mark ).  On  a  Sabbath 
following  he  went  into  the  synagogue 
in  Capernaum  and  taught.  There  was  a 
man  present  with  a  withered  hand,  and 
the  Pharisees  watched  anxiously  to  see 
whether  he  would  heal  him  on  the  Sab- 


Luke.        John 


5:2s. 


'Some  authors  place  the  feas:  givtn  to  Jesus  by  Levi  immediately  after  Jesus  called 
him.  But  as  Matthew  puts  Levi's  feast  immediately  preceding  the  raising  of  Jairus's 
daughter,  and  connects  the  twovery  closely,  and  as  Mark  and  Luke  both  place  that  miracle 
after  Jesus'  return  from  Gadara,  which,  according  to  all  three  of  the  Synoptists,  occurred 
some  considerable  time  after  the  call  of  Levi,  the  author  prefers  to  place  Levi's  feast  not  in 
immediate  connection  with  his  call,  but  at  a  later  date.    See  page  32. 


THE   SECOND   PUBLIC  YEAR.     A.D.    28. 


29 


Matt. 


Chs.5-7 
8:5-13- 


Mark. 


3:12. 


3:'3-i9- 


bath  da}'.  He  did  so,  and  the}-  withdrew 
in  anger,  and  with  the  Herodians,  with 
whom  the}-  had  been  at  enmit}-,  conspired 
for  his  destruction.  Jesus  withdrew  again 
to  the  seashore,  where  he  addressed  the 
niultiti:des  from  a  small  vessel,  accom- 
pan3-ing  his  teaching  with  numerous  and 
various  works  of  healing. 

After  this  he  withdrew  to  a  mountain, 
evident!}-  not  far  from  Capernaum,  where 
he  spent  the  night  in  prayer.  ^  The  next 
morning  he  chose  the  twelve  apostles,  and 
upon  the  assembling  of  a  great  multitude 
of  people  he  delivered  the  Sermon  on  the 
]Mount.  After  this  he  returned  again  to 
Capernaum,  where  occurred,  probably  on 
the  day  of  his  return,  the  healing  of  the 
centurion's  servant.  The  crowds  around 
him  became  so  great,  and  the  demands 
upon  him  so  numerous,  that  he  could 
not  find  time  to  eat.  Learning  this,  his 
friends  sought  to  get  him  away  from  the 
people,  saying,  "He  is  beside  himself" 
(Mark). 

Shortly  after  this,  accompanied  by  his 
disciples  and  a  number  of  others,  Jesus 
started  on  his  second  circuit  through  Gal- 
ilee, and  on  the  way  came  to  the  city  of 
Xain.  As  they  approached  the  gate  of  the 
city  they  met  a  funeral  procession  bear- 
ing to  burial  the  only  son  of  a  widow. 
Jesus  touched  the  bier  and  bade  the  young 
man  "Arise,"  and  he  was  delivered  to 
his  mother  alive.  This  is  the  first  re- 
corded raising  of  the  dead  by  our  Lord. 

SeptcjH  bcr- Decern  ber. 

John  the  Baptist,  who  had  been  now 
for  several  months  a  prisoner  in  the  fort- 


Luke 


John. 


"  Probably  the   Horns  of  Hattia,   west  of  the   Sea   of  Galilee.     Some   authors  prefer 
Mt.  Tabor. 


so 


JESUS  THE   NAZARENE. 


Mark. 


ress  of  Machaerus,  in  the  southern  part 
of  Pereea,  hearing  of  the  wonderful  works 
of  Jesus, — surprised,  it  may  be,  that  one 
so  mighty  should  leave  his  forerunner  in 
such  distress, — sent  two  of  his  disciples 
to  ask  Jesus,  "Art  thou  he  that  cometh 
or  look  we  for  another?  "  (I,uke.)  They 
found  Jesus  some  time  after  the  miracle 
at  Xain,  probabl}-  3-et  in  that  vicinit}-, 
and  propounded  to  him  the  question  given 
them  by  John.  Instead  of  answering  di- 
rectl}',  Jesus  cited  his  words  and  works 
in  proof  of  his  person  and  character. 
After  their  departure  Jesus  pronounced 
a  most  glowing  compliment  upon  the 
character  and  work  of  John  the  BaptivSt, 
but  added  the  significant  remark,  "He 
that  is  least  in  the  kingdom  of  God  is 
greater  than  he."  Following  this,  he 
began  "to  upbraid  the  cities  wherein 
most  of  his  mighty  works  were  done, 
because  they  repented  not"  (Matthew). 
Closely  related  to  these  events,  prob- 
abl}'  both  as  to  time  and  place,  occurred 
another  most  interesting  incident.  Jesus 
was  invited  by  one  Simon,  a  Pharisee,  to 
dine  with  him.  While  at  the  table  eating, 
a  woman  with  an  unenviable  reputation 
came  in,  and  standing  behind  the  Sav- 
iour, washed  his  feet  with  her  tears  and 
wiped  them  with  her  looselj^  flowing  hair, 
and  following  this,  kissed  his  feet  and 
anointed  him.  The  fact  that  Jesus  allowed 
a  woman  of  such  character  to  take  such 
liberties,  offended  the  Pharisee.  Jesus, 
knowing  his  feelings,  spoke  to  him  the 
parable  of  the  Two  Debtors,  in  which  he 
most  positively,  yet  most  beautifull}-  and 
tenderly,  revealed  to  the  Pharisee  and  to 
the  world  his  hatred  of  hypocris}'  and 
his  unconquerable  love  for  penitent  sin- 


Ltike. 


John. 


7--36 


THE  SECOND   PUBLIC  YEAR.     A.D.    28. 


13:52- 

S:/S 


ners.  Then  turning  to  the  woman,  he 
said,  "Thy  faith  hath  saved  thee;  go  in 
peace"  (Matthew). 

Following  this,  he  continued  his  travels 
through  Galilee,  "preaching  and  bring- 
ing the  good  tidings  of  the  kingdom  of 
God"  (Luke),  being  accompanied  by  the 
Twelve,  a  number  of  devout  women,  and 
many  others. 

At  length  he  returned  to  Capernaum, 
where  was  brought  to  him  one  possessed 
of  a  devil,  blind  and  dumb.  Jesus  at  once 
healed  him,  greatly  to  the  amazement 
of  all.  Certain  scribes  from  Jerusalem, 
upon  hearing  of  the  miracle,  became 
enraged,  and  charged  him  with  being  in 
league  with  Beelzebub,  the  prince  of  the 
devils,  a  charge  repeated  a  number  of 
times  afterward.  Jesus  rebiiked  them  in 
very  plain  and. forcible  language,  and  to 
their  request  for  a  sign,  referred  them 
to  the  sign  of  the  prophet  Jonas.  While 
he  was  speaking,  his  mother  and  his 
brethren  sought  for  him,  and  to  the  mul- 
titude he  announced  that  his  true  kindred 
are  those  who  do  the  will  of  God.  On 
the  same  day  he  went  out  by  the  seaside, 
and  when  the  multitudes  came  together 
he  entered  a  boat  and  taught  them,  utter- 
ing the  first  group  of  parables  recorded: 
the  Sower,  the  Tares,  the  Mustard  Seed, 
the  Leaven,  the  Hid  Treasure,  the  Goodh' 
Pearl,  and  the  Draw-net.  The}-  ma}-  or 
they  may  not  all  have  been  spoken  on 
one  day.  Some  of  them  seem  to  have 
been  spoken  to  the  disciples  only. 

Toward  evening  Jesus  proposed  to  cross 
to  the  other  side  of  the  sea,  and  while 
they  were  preparing  to  do  so,  he  held 
a  conversation  with  a  certain  scribe  and 
one  of  his  disciples  concerning  "follow- 


Luke. 


John. 


S:j. 


':57-6o. 


2>2 


JESUS  THE   NAZARENE. 


ing"  him.  At  length,  having  dismissed 
the  multitude,  he  entered  the  boat,  and 
with  the  Twelve,  started  to  the  other  side 
of  the  sea.  Being  weary,  Jesus  soon  fell 
asleep.  A  storm  arose  very  suddenh'  and 
greatl}'  terrified  the  disciples.  Thej-  awoke 
him,  and  at  his  word,  "Peace,  be  still," 
the  storm  ceased.  The  disciples  w^on- 
dered  very  greatly  at  the  fact  that  ' '  even 
the  wind  and  the  sea  obe}-  him  "  (Mark). 
They  landed,  probabl}-  earl}-  in  the  morn- 
ing, at  a  village  named  Gergesa  (now 
Kersa),  situated  close  to  the  shore,  and 
near  which  the  mountain,  with  a  rapid 
descent,  comes  close  to  the  water's  edge. 
Here  he  was  met  by  two  demoniacs  "com- 
ing forth  out  of  the  tombs,  exceeding 
fierce,  so  that  no  man  could  pass  b}-  that 
way"  (Matthew).  At  the  request  of  the 
evil  spirits  they  were  permitted,  after  leav- 
ing the  men,  to  enter  into  a  herd  of  swine 
feeding  near  by.  The  result  was  that  the 
swine  ran  down  the  hillside  into  the  sea 
and  perished.  Angered  at  the  loss  of  the 
swine,  rather  than  pleased  at  the  healing 
of  the  demoniacs,  the  Gergesenes  at  once 
besought  Jesus  to  depart  out  of  their 
coasts.  Having  commissioned  one  of  the 
healed  demoniacs  to  return  to  his  home 
and  tell  how  great  things  the  Lord  had 
done  for  him,  Jesus  and  the  Twelve  again 
entered  the  boat  and  sailed  for  the  other 
side,  where  he  was  gladly  received. 

Upon  his  return  to  Capernaum  he  was 
immediately  met  b}'  a  great  multitude 
of  people.  While  here  he  accepted  an 
invitation  to  a  feast  prepared  by  L,evi, 
the  former  publican.  During  the  feast 
he  was  assailed  by  the  scribes  and  Phari- 
sees for  eating  with  publicans  and  sin- 
ners.    He  replied  that  his  mission  was 


Jo/i  n 


8:40. 


THE   SECOND   PUBLIC  YEAR.      A.D.    28. 


33 


Malt. 
g.17. 

Mark. 
2:22. 

9:18 

to 

g:26. 

5:22 

to 

5:43- 

9:27 
to 

not  to  the  good,  but  to  the  bad;  not  to 
the  righteou-s,  but  to  sinners.  The  dis- 
ciples of  John,  some  of  whom  were 
present,  wanted  an  explanation  of  the 
feasting  of  his  disciples  as  contrasted 
with  the  fasting  of  the  disciples  of  John. 
The  answer  given  reveals  the  first  shadow 
of  the  cross. 

While  the  feast  was  progressing,  Jairus, 
a  ruler  of  the  synagogue,  entered  and 
asked  that  Jesus  would  come  and  heal 
his  daughter,  who  was  then  d5-ing.  Jesus 
started  to  go  with  him.  On  the  way  a 
woman,  afflicted  grievously  for  twelve 
years,  pressed  her  way  through  the  crowd, 
anxious  that  she  might  have  opportunitj- 
if  it  were  but  to  touch  the  hem  of  his 
garment.  She  touched  him,  and  was  at 
once  healed.  Jesus,  noticing  that  "vir- 
tue had  gone  out  of  him,"  turned  and 
commended  her  for  her  faith.  While  he 
spoke  with  her,  word  was  brought  that 
Jairus' s  daughter  was  already  dead;  but 
he  proceeded  to  the  house,  assuring  her 
father  that  all  would  be  well.  At  the 
house,  he  took  with  him  Peter,  James, 
and  John,  with  the  father  and  mother, 
and  in  their  presence  raised  the  young 
woman  to  life.  This  miracle,  as  might 
be  expected,  excited  the  amazement  of 
all  far  and  near. 

On  the  way  homeward  he  was  followed 
by  two  blind  men,  who  went  into  the 
house  after  him,  crying,  "Have  mercy 
on  us,  thou  son  of  David"  (Matthew). 
After  asking  them  whether  they  believed 
him  able  to  heal  them,  and  receiving  an 
aflflrmative  reply,  he  touched  their  eyes 
and  healed  them.  As  these  departed 
' '  there  was  brought  to  him  a  dumb  man 
possessed  with  a  devil"  (Matthew),  and 


Luke. 


John. 


8:41 


8:56. 


34 


JESUS  THE   NAZARENE. 


9:34- 


Mark. 


he  healed  him.  As  the  multitudes  looked 
on  in  amazement  the^^  said,  "  It  was  never 
so  seen  in  Israel.  But  the  Pharisees  said, 
By  the  prince  of  the  devils  casteth  he  out 
devils." 


Luke. 


John. 


With  these  events  we  are  brought  to  the  close  of  the  second  year 
of  our  Lord's  public  life,  and  find  him  all  the  while  growing  in 
favor  with  the  masses  of  the  people,  but,  as  well,  ever  exciting  the 
Pharisees  to  a  higher  pitch  of  enmity. 


CHAPTER   V. 


The  Third  Public  Year.    a.d.  29. 


Matt. 

Mark. 

13:53-58 

6:1 
to 

P-J5 

to 

10:42. 

6:13. 

14:1 

6:14 

Jaruiary- March . 

Shortly  after  the  opening  of  the  third 
year  of  his  ministry,  Jesus  went  again  to 
Nazareth,  accompanied  b}-  his  disciples. 
On  the  Sabbath  day  he  entered  the  syn- 
agogue and  began  to  teach.  But  the 
people,  contrasting  his  claim  to  be  the 
Messiah  with  the  facts  of  his  humble 
origin,  began  to  find  fault,  and  he  turned 
away  and  left  them.^  After  leaving  Naz- 
areth he  went  again  through  the  sur- 
rounding villages  teaching.  During  this 
journey  he  sent  out  the  Twelve  to  heal 
and  to  preach.  Meanwhile  Jesus  contin- 
ued his  own  work. 

April. 

About  this  time,  on  Herod's  birthday, 
occurred  the  beheading  of  John  the  Bap- 
tist in  answer  to  the  request  of  the 
vicious  Herodias.  The  news  of  the  sad 
occurrence  was  brought  to  Jesus  by  the 
disciples  of  John.  Shortly  afterward  the 
Twelve  returned  to  Jesus  at  Ce*^ernaum. 

For  some  time  now,  Jesus  sought  a  life 
of  privacy  with  his  disciples,  rather  than 
of  public  manifestation.  With  this  in 
view  he  withdrew,  after  the  return  of  the 
Twelve,  and  went  to  the  east  side  of  the 


John. 


'  Some  writers  consider  this  rejection  identical  with  that  recited  on  page  26,  but,  in 
the  opinion  of  the  author,  without  good  reason. 

35 


36 


JESUS  THE   NAZARENE. 


Matt, 
to 


Mark. 


6:44. 


6:45 


Sea  of  Galilee  to  "  rest  awhile"  (Mark). 
But  he  could  not  be  hid,  for  the  multitude, 
noticing  his  course,  went  on  foot  around 
the  head  of  the  sea  and  ' '  outwent  them  ' ' ; 
so  that  when  Jesus  and  his  disciples  landed 
not  far  from  Bethsaida  Julias,  they  found 
a  multitude  already  gathered.  Jesus  .spent 
the  day  in  teaching  them,  and  in  the 
evening  was  moved  vvrith  compassion 
"  because  they  were  as  sheep  not  having 
a  shepherd"  (Mark);  and  he  closed  the 
day  with  the  wonderful  miracle,  the  feed- 
ing of  five  thousand  men,  besides  women 
and  children,  with  five  loaves  and  two 
fishes.^ 

After  Jesus  had  fed  the  multitude  they 
were  anxious  to  take  him  b}'  force  and 
make  him  king;  -  but  he  sent  them  and 
the  disciples  awa}',  and  himself  withdrew 
into  the  mountain  to  pray.  The  disciples 
started  across  the  sea  in  the  boat.  During 
the  night  their  progress  was  hindered  by 
a  storm.  Toward  morning  Jesus  came  to 
them  walking  on  the  sea.  Not  knowing 
him  at  first,  they  were  frightened,  but  when 
Jesus  said,  "Be  of  good  cheer;  it  is  I;  be 
not  afraid"  (Matthew),  they  were  so  en- 
couraged that  Peter,  in  response  to  Jesus' 
permission,  started  to  walk  to  him  on  the 
water.  He  succeeded  well  until  he  turned 
his  eyes  upon  the  waves,  when  he  began  to 
sink.  In  answer  to  his  cry,  "Lord,  save 
me"  (Matthew),  Jesus  reached  forth  his 
hand  and  rescued  him.  They  entered  the 
boat  and  soon  reached  the  shore,  finding 
themselves  in  the  land  of  Gennesaret, 
south  of  Capernaum.     Immediately  many 


Luke. 
to 


John. 


'This  miracle  occurred  about  the  time  of  the  Passover.  It  seems  that  Jesus  did  not 
attend  this  Passover. 

^This  event  marks  the  point  at  which  the  popularity  of  Jesus  with  the  common  people 
reached  its  highest  point.    He  was  never  popular  with  the  rulers  and  Pharisees. 


THE  THIRD   PUBLIC  YEAR.      A.D.    29. 


37 


Mail. 
14:36. 


Mark. 


sick  people  were  brought  to  him,  and  he 
healed  them;  some  were  healed  h\  onl}- 
touching  his  clothes. 

IMeanwhile  those  whom  he  had  fed  the 
day  before  hurried  back  to  Capernaum. 
Leaving  Gennesaret,  Jesus  and  the  Twelve 
returned  to  Capernaum  also,  where  he 
addressed  the  expectant  crowd  in  a  dis- 
course of  great  beaut\',  but  in  which, 
greatly  to  the  confusion  of  the  multitude, 
he  denominated  himself  "the  bread  of 
life"  (John),  of  which  man  must  eat  in 
order  to  attain  to  eternal  life.  It  made  no 
difference  that  he  told  them  afterw'ard  that 
the  words  which  he  spoke  were  "spirit" 
and  "life."  The  explanation  was  of  no 
avail.  The  Jews  were  offended,  as  were 
also  a  number  of  his  disciples,  several  of 
whom  refused  to  follow'  him  any  longer. 
As  he  saw  them  turn  away,  Jesus  addressed 
the  Twelve  with  the  inquirj-,  "Would 
ye  also  go  away?"  and  received  from 
Peter  the  beautiful  and  forcible  repl}-: 
"Lord,  to  whom  shall  we  go?  thou  hast 
the  words  of  eternal  life.  And  we  have 
believed  and  know  that  thou  art  the  Hoi}' 
One  of  God"  (John).  Following  this, 
Jesus  pointed  out  to  them  the  fact  that 
though  he  had  chosen  them  all,  yet  one 
of  them  was  a  "  devil." 

May -Sept em  ber. 

About  this  time  a  compan}^  of  scribes 
and  Pharisees  from  Jerusalem  gathered 
about  the  Saviour,  and  objected  to  his 
allowing  his  disciples  to  eat  without  first 
washing  their  hands,  thus  disregarding 
the  traditions.  Jesus  replied  to  them 
kindly,  yet  with  a  severe  rebuke  to  their 
ill-concealed  h3-pocrisy. 


Luke. 


38 


JESUS  THE   NAZARENE. 


Mali. 


Mark. 


7:30. 


Again  desiring  retirement,  lie  left  Ca- 
pernaum with  liis  disciples  and  withdre\Y 
to  the  region  of  Tyre  and  Sidon  in  Phoe- 
nicia. ^  His  presence  soon  became  known , 
and  a  woman  of  that  section  came  to  him 
with  the  request  that  he  heal  her  demon- 
iac daughter.  For  a  while  he  seemed  to 
refuse  her  request,  saying,  "It  is  not 
meet  to  take  the  children's  bread  and 
cast  it  to  the  dogs."  But  upon  receiving 
her  reply,  "Yea,  Lord:  for  even  the  dogs 
eat  of  the  crumbs  which  fall  from  their 
master's  table,"  he  replied,  "O  woman, 
great  is  thy  faith"  (Matthew),  and  healed 
her  daughter. 

At  length  he  left  this  region  and  re- 
turned through  the  Decapolis  to  a  moun- 
tain on  the  east  side  of  the  Sea  of  Galilee. 
Here  again  great  multitudes  assembled 
as  soon  as  his  presence  became  known, 
bringing  with  them  many  in  need  of 
healing,  and  he  healed  them.  The  peo- 
ple were  verj'  greatlj'  surprised  as  the}- 
witnessed  these  manifestations  of  power, 
but  their  surprise  was  still  greater  when, 
after  three  days'  continuance  with  him, 
he  fed  four  thousand  men,  besides  women 
and  children,  with  seven  loaves  and  a 
few  little  fishes.  He  then  sent  the  people 
awa}-,  and  taking  ship  returned  to  the 
coasts  of  Magdala  and  Dalmanutha,  vil- 
lages on  the  west  side  of  the  sea,  not  far 
from  Capernaum.  After  this  he  was  met 
at  Capernaum  by  a  number  of  scribes  and 
Pharisees,  who  demanded  a  confirmation 
of  his  authority  by  some  "sign."  He 
replied,  referring  them  to  the  sign  of 
the  prophet  Jonah.  Again  he  departed 
by  boat  to  the  east  side  of  the  sea,  and 
on  the  way  warned  his  disciples  of  the 


Uikt 


'This  was  his  only  visit  to  heathen  territory. 


THE   THIRD   PUBLIC   YEAR.      A.D.    29. 


39 


Mall. 
l6:l2. 

Mark. 
8:26. 

16: 1  J 
to 

16:28. 

8:27 

to 

<):l. 

17:1 
to 

9:2 
to 

danger  of  the  leaven — the  teachings — of 
the  Pharisees  and  Sadducees.  Coming 
to  Bethsaida  Julias  he  was  met  by  a  blind 
man,  who,  in  being  healed,  was  able  first 
to  see  men,  "as  trees,  walking"  (Mark). 

Again  desiring  a  season  of  retirement, 
he  took  the  Twelve  and  started  to  the  re- 
gion of  Caesarea  Philippi.  On  the  way  he 
inquired  of  the  disciples,  "Who  do  men 
say  that  the  Son  of  man  is?"  Peter  an- 
swered, expressing  the  belief  of  the  disci- 
ples, "  Thou  art  the  Christ,  the  Son  of  the 
living  God"  (Matthew).  Continuing  to 
speak  with  his  disciples,  he  surprisea 
them  greatly  by  telling  them  of  his  hav- 
ing to  suffer  a  violent  death,  and  of  the 
certainty  of  his  resurrection.  Peter's  un- 
willingness to  hear  these  words  led  him 
to  reply  to  Jesus  in  such  a  manner  as  to 
call  forth  from  the  INIaster  a  severe  re- 
buke. After  this  Jesus  spoke  to  them 
very  plainly  as  to  the  conduct  of  those 
who  would  be  his  disciples. 

About  a  week  later  the  Transfiguration 
occurred.  ^  Only  Peter,  James,  and  John 
were  permitted  to  witness  this  wonderful 
scene,  when  "His  face  did  shine  as  the 
sun,  and  his  garments  became  white  as 
the  light"  (Matthew).  Upon  coming 
down  from  the  mountain  after  the  Trans- 
figuration, the  father  of  a  lunatic  child 
came  to  Jesus,  requesting  that  he  heal 
his  child.  The  disciples  had  attempted 
to  give  relief,  but  found  the  case  one 
beyond  their  control.  At  the  word  of 
Jesus  relief  was  immediately  realized. 
After  the  Transfiguration  thej'  crossed 
over  the  Jordan  near  its  sources  and  re- 
turned  through   Galilee  to   Capernaum. 


Luke. 


(j:lS 


John. 


'The  place  of  the  Transfiguration  was  probably  Mount  Heriuon,  one  of  the  southern 
peaks  of  the  Lebanon  Mountains. 


40 


JESUS  THE   NAZARENE. 


Matt. 
17:23- 

Mark. 
9--32- 

17:24 
to 

9-SJ 
to 

9 -so. 

18:35. 

On  the  way  he  spoke  again  concerning 
his  death  and  resurrection. 

At  Capernaum  the  collector  of  the  tem- 
ple tax  of  half  a  shekel  came  to  Peter  and 
asked  whether  their  master  was  not  ac- 
customed to  pay  this  tax.  Peter  replied 
in  the  af&rmative.  Jesus  afterward  in- 
quired of  Peter  whether  it  was  customary 
with  kings  to  collect  taxes  of  their  own 
sons,  or  of  strangers.  Upon  receiving 
from  Peter  the  answer  that  they  collected 
of  strangers,  and  not  of  those  of  their 
own  house,  Jesus  replied,  "  Therefore  the 
sons  are  free."  But  lest  he  should  give 
offense  he  sent  Peter  to  the  sea,  with  the 
direction,  "  Cast  a  hook,  and  take  up  the 
fish  that  first  cometh  up;  and  when  thou 
hast  opened  his  mouth  thou  shalt  find  a 
shekel ;  that  take  and  give  unto  them  for 
me  and  thee"  (Matthew).  Following  this, 
Jesus  spoke  of  those  who  are  greatest  in 
the  kingdom  of  heaven,  and  illustrated  his 
teaching  by  a  little  child.  Continuing 
he  spoke  of  "offences"  and  of  "forgive- 
ness," closing  with  the  parables  of  the 
Lost  Sheep  and  the  Unmerciful  Servant. 

October- Decern  ber. 

About  this  time  Jesvis  sent  his  disciples 
to  Jerusalem  to  attend  the  feast  of  Taber- 
nacles, and  a  few  days  later  went  up 
himself,  "not  publicly,  but  as  it  were  in 
secret"  (John).i 


Luke. 


9:46-50 


John, 


'  From  the  point  that  we  have  uow  reached  in  tlie  Saviour's  life,  until  the  beginning 
of  Passion  Week,  the  order  of  the  events  is  quite  uncertain,  and  it  is  exceedingly  difficult 
to  decide  on  an  arrangement  with  satisfaction.  This  results  from  the  following  considera- 
tions: I.  Neither  Matthew  nor  Mark  gives  any  record  of  this  period.  2.  Luke  and  John, 
who  give  all  the  record  we  have,  narrate  but  very  little,  if  indeed  anything,  in  common. 
3.  They  give  nothing  to  indicate  where  one  supplements  the  other.  A  few  things  we  learn 
quite  definitely  from  John  :  (i)  Jesus  attended  the  feast  of  Tabernacles,  October  11-18.  (2) 
He  attended  the  feast  of  Dedication,  December  20-27.  (3)  Immediately  after  the  feast  of 
Dedication  he  withdrew  to  Bethabara,  across  the  Jordan.    (4)  After  some  time  he  returned 


THE   THIRD    PUBLIC   YEAR.      A.D.    29. 


41 


Mark. 


At  the  feast  of  Taljernacles  Jesus  taught 
in  the  temple,  and  the  Jews  took  offense, 
ostensibly  because  at  the  feast  of  the 
Passover  a  year  and  a  half  before,  he  had 
healed  an  impotent  man  at  the  pool  of 
Bethesda  on  the  Sabbath.  But  Jesus  con- 
tinued his  teaching,  and  many  of  the 
people  became  deeply  interested  in  his 
doctrine.  This  excited  the  priests  and 
Pharisees  still  more,  and  they  sent  officers 
to  arrest  him.  But  these  returned,  with 
the  reply,  "  Never  man  so  spake"  (John). 
Even  more  were  his  enemies  aroused  when 
Nicodemus,  a  member  of  the  Sanhedrin, 
who  had  come  to  Jesus  by  night  two  and 
one-half  years  before,  asked  the  seemingl}^ 
favorable  question,  "Doth  our  law  judge 
a  man,  except  it  first  hear  him  for  himself 
and  know  what  he  doeth.?"  This  caused 
the  enemies  of  Jesus  to  turn  upon  Nico- 
demus with  the  demand:  "Art  thou  also 
of  Galilee?  Search,  and  see  that  out  of 
Galilee  ariseth  no  prophet"  (John). 


Luke. 


John. 


7:52- 


to  Bethany  to  raise  Lazarus.  ( 5  )  Immediately  after  this  he  withdrew  to  Ephraim,  where 
he  seems  to  have  remained  until  time  to  go  to  the  Passover.  Luke  narrates  a  number  of 
events  that  seem  to  have  occurred  during  this  same  period,  none  of  which  are  named  by 
John.  The  record  of  these  events  occupies  the  Gospel  of  Luke  between  chapters  9:51  and 
13  135.  In  this  record  he  mentions  a  journey  from  Galilee  to  Jerusalem,  which  was  pre- 
aunounced  by  "the  seventy,"  and  therefore  so  public  that  it  does  not  seem  reasonable 
to  identify  it  with  the  journey  to  the  feast  of  Tabernacles  named  by  John,  which  was 
made  "in  secret."  These  two  journeys  to  Jerusalem  necessitate  an  intervening  return 
JDurney,  although  no  such  return  is  recorded.  So  hold  Andrews,  Farrar,  Ebrard,  Lichten- 
stein,  Greswell,  and  others.     This  is  the  theory  accepted  by  the  author  of  this  work. 

But  accepting  this  much  as  determined,  it  yet  remains  to  arranjre  the  events  named  by 
Luke  in  harmony  and  connection  with  those  given  by  John.  In  doing  this  the  position  is 
taken  that  following  the  feast  of  Tabernacles  Jesus  returned  to  Galilee,  of  which  return  we 
have  no  record,  and  that  the  journey  to  Jerusalem  recorded  by  Luke  as  occurring  at  this 
period,  is  the  journey  to  the  feast  of  the  Dedication,  the  last  journey  made  from  Galilee  to 
Jerusalem,  and  that  this  journey  was  made  tlirough  Peraea,  or  Judaea  beyond  Jordan. 
(  See  Matt.  19  ;  i;  Mark  10:1;  Al ford  on  Luke  9  151;  Andrews's  "  Life  of  Our  Lord,"  pp.  366- 
385;  Farrar's  "Life  of  Christ,"  pp.  274-2S2.) 

This  journey  perhaps  occupied  considerable  time,  and  we  are  not  sure  that  Luke 
narrates  the  events  that  he  gives  in  the  order  of  their  occurrence.  One  event,  the 
healing  of  the  lepers,  which  he  narrates  much  later,  should,  in  the  opinion  of  the 
author,  be  placed  as  occurring  during  this  journey,  as  we  have  no  evidence  that  after  this 
Jesus  "passed  through  the  midst  of  Samaria  and  Galilee"  (Luke  17:11). 


JESUS  THE   NAZARENE. 


Jesus  then  withdrew  to  the  INIotint  of 
Olives,  where  he  spent  the  night,  prob- 
abl}'  in  the  home  of  j\Iary,  Martha,  and 
Lazarus.  Early  the  next  morning  he 
returned  to  the  temple,  where  occurred 
the  incident  of  the  woman  taken  in  adul- 
ter3\i  After  this  Jesus  continued  his 
plain  and  forcible  teaching.  He  reproved 
the  Jews  sharply  for  their  claiming  to  be 
the  children  of  Abraham  while  the}-  did 
none  of  the  works  of  Abraham,  and 
closed  with  the  assertion  to  the  Jews 
so  remarkable,  "Before  Abraham  was,  I 
am."  This  claim  to  superioritj^  over  even 
ilbraham  the}-  were  not  slow  to  under- 
stand; it  enraged  them  so  that  the}- 
attempted  at  once  to  stone  him,  as  guilty 
of  blasphemy.  Passing  out  from  them 
and  out  of  the  temple,  he  met  a  man 
blind  from  his  birth.  The  disciples  in- 
quired whether  this  blindness  was  the 
result  of  the  man's  own  sin  or  the  sin 
of  his  parents.  Jesus  replied  that  it  was 
not  because  of  the  sin  of  either,  "but 
that  the  works  of  God  should  be  made 
manifest  in  him."  He  then  spat  on  the 
ground  and  took  of  the  moistened  cla}-, 
and  with  it  anointed  the  man's  eyes,  and 
directed  him  to  wash  in  the  pool  of  Si- 
loam.  The  man  returned  from  the  wash- 
ing in  full  possession  of  his  sight.  As 
this  also  occurred  on  a  Sabbath  da}',  the 
Pharisees  again  became  greatU-  aroused, 
and  instituted  a  rigid  investigation  of 
the  case,  resulting  in  the  excommuni- 
cation of  the  fortunate  unfortunate.  He 
afterward  met  Jesus  and  accepted  him 
as  the  Son  of  God.     The  Saviour  contin- 


Luke. 


1  This  incident  is  otuitttd  entirely  from  many  of  the  ancient  manuscripts,  and  is  con- 
sidered questionable  as  to  its  genuineness  by  Alford,  Andrews,  and  others  ;  it  is  bracketed 
in  the  Revised  Version. 


THE  THIRD   PUBLIC  YEAR.      A.D.    29. 


43 


Matt. 


Mark. 


ued  to  teach  the  people,  and  in  his  address 
spoke  the  parable  of  the  Good  Shepherd. 

After  the  feast  Jesus  returned  to  Gali- 
lee. We  next  meet  him  ' '  when  the  days 
were  well-nigh  come  that  he  should  be 
received  up,"  and  "he  stedfastly  set  his 
face  to  go  to  Jerusalem."  His  intention 
was  to  go  through  Samaria,  but  as  the 
messengers  sent  before  him  were  rejected, 
he  turned  aside  to  cross  over  into  Peraea. 
His  rejection  by  a  Samaritan  village 
excited  James  and  John  to  request  the 
privilege  of  commanding  fire  to  fall  from 
heaven  and  consume  them,  as  Elijah  had 
once  done.  But  Jesus  rebuked  the  disci- 
ples, and  turned  aside  to  another  village. 

During  his  journey  eastward,  on  the 
borders  of  Samaria  and  Galilee  occurred 
the  incident  of  the  healing  of  the  ten 
lepers,  only  one  of  whom  returned  to 
give  glory  to  God  for  the  favor  conferred, 
and  he  a  Samaritan.  On  the  way  Jesus 
spoke  to  one  who  proposed  to  become  his 
disciple,  but  who  wished  to  go  first  and 
bury  his  father.  About  this  time,  or  it 
may  be  before  leaving  Galilee,  occurred 
the  sending  out  of  "the  seventy."  The 
length  of  time  occupied  in  their  mission 
is  not  given;  the  field  of  their  activity 
seems  to  have  been  Peraea. 

INIan}'  other  interesting  events  occurred 
during  this  final  journey  from  Galilee. 
A  lawyer  inquired  the  way  of  life,  and  in 
replying  to  him  Jesus  gave  the  parable 
of  the  Good  Samaritan.  His  disciples 
asked  him  to  teach  them  to  pray,  and  he 
taught  them  the  Lord's  Prayer,  first  given 
in  the  Sermon  on  the  Mount,  and  added 
the  parable  of  the  Friend  at  Midnight.  He 
healed  one  who  was  dumb  and  possessed 
of  an  evil  spirit,  and  in  vindicating  him- 


Liike. 


John. 
10:21. 


44 


JESUS  THE   NAZARENE. 


Mark. 


self  replied  again  to  the  charge  that  he 
wrought  his  miracles  hy  the  help  of 
Beelzebub.  To  a  woman  who  pronounced 
the  mother  of  Jesus  specially  blessed,  he 
replied  that  the  greater  blessing  is  to 
those  who  hear  and  keep  the  word  of  God. 
He  spoke  also  to  a  great  crowd  in  reproof 
of  their  demanding  "a  sign."  A  Phari- 
see requested  him  to  dine  with  him,  and 
wasgreatl}-  surprised  to  see  Jesus  sit  down 
to  eat  without  first  washing  his  hands, 
according  to  Jewish  custom.  This  fur- 
nished the  Saviour  opportunity  to  speak 
very  plainly  and  forcibly  of  their  formal- 
ism and  hypocrisy.  A  lawyer  complained 
because  his  words  also  condemned  them, 
and  Jesus  replied  to  him  in  language  no 
less  positive.  Meanwhile  a  great  multi- 
tude gathered  to  hear  him,  and  he  again 
warned  his  disciples  against  the  leaven — 
the  doctrine -of  the  Pharisees.  One  of 
the  company  requested  that  Jesus  would 
direct  his  brothers  to  make  a  proper  divi- 
sion of  their  inheritance,  and  Jesus,  in 
replying,  gave  the  parable  of  the  Rich 
Fool,  and  urged  the  importance  of  seek- 
ing first  the  kingdom  of  God. 

As  he  journeyed  on  the  way,  some  per- 
sons came  to  him  with  a  report  of  certain 
Galileans  whose  blood  Pilate  had  mingled 
with  the  sacrifices  at  the  temple,  and  in 
replying  to  them  he  spoke  the  parable 
of  the  Barren  Fig  Tree.  On  a  Sabbath, 
while  teaching  in  a  synagogue,  he  healed 
a  woman  who  had  been  afflicted  for  eight- 
een years.  The  ruler  of  the  synagogue 
complained  of  his  working  on  the  Sab- 
bath, and  Jesus  replied  to  him,  justifying 
his  own  conduct  and  strongly  reproving 
the  hypocris\'  of  the  Pharisee.  Continu- 
ing his  teaching  he  spoke  the  parables  of 


Luke. 


John. 


THE   THIRD   PUBLIC   YEAR.      A.D.    29. 


45 


Matt. 


Mark. 


the  Mustard  Seed  and  the  Leaven,  and 
urged  strongly  the  importance  of  heart 
service  as  the  only  true  service  of  God. 
Some  Pharisees  came  to  him,  warning 
him  of  the  enmity  of  Herod  and  of  his 
desire  to  kill  Jesus,  and  he  replied,  stating 
his  purpose  to  go  to  Jerusalem,  closing 
with  a  solemn  lamentation  over  the  fate 
of  that  cit}'. 

He  arrived  at  Jerusalem  in  time  for  the 
feast  of  the  Dedication.  ^  At  some  time 
during  the  feast  he  was  walking  in  Solo- 
mon's Porch,  a  long  portico  at  the  eastern 
side  of  the  temple  area,  and  the  Jews 
asked  him  to  declare  plainly  whether  he 
was  the  Messiah.  Jesus  replied,  calling 
attention  to  his  works  as  evidence  of  his 
character  and  mission,  and  chided  them 
for  their  tinbelief  in  the  presence  of  all 
that  they  had  seen  and  heard.  During 
his  conversation  with  them  he  said,  "I 
and  the  Father  are  one,"  and  they  at 
once  took  up  stones  to  stone  him.  He 
still  continued  to  reason  with  them,  but 
the}'  became  the  more  enraged,  and  he 
withdrew  and  went  across  the  Jordan  to 
Bethabara,  where  John  at  first  baptized. 
During  his  attendance  at  the  feast  of 
Dedication  he  seems  to  have  visited  the 
home  of  Marj^  Martha,  and  Lazarus  at 
Bethany. 


John. 


13:35- 


10:38-42 


•This  feast  occurred  December  20-27.    (Andrews,  p.  367.) 


CHAPTER  VI. 


Three  Months  in  vSeclusion.    a.d.  ^o. 


Man. 


Mark. 


January- March . 

Just  how  long  Jesus  remained  in  Beth- 
abara  is  not  known.  The  people,  learning 
of  his  presence  in  their  midst,  came  in 
great  numbers  to  see  and  hear  him.  John, 
who  mentions  the  withdrawal  of  Jesi:s 
thither,  gives  no  record  of  what  occurred 
while  he  remained  there.  The  I'ecord  of 
Luke  names  some  events  that  probabh- 
occurred  at  this  time,  and  as  the  result  of 
which,  along  with  the  teaching  of  Jesus, 
many  were  led  to  believe. 

A  chief  Pharisee  invited  Jesus  to  a 
feast  at  his  house  on  the  Sabbath  day. 
Finding  there  a  man  afflicted  with  the 
dropsy  Jesus  healed  him,  and  vindicated 
his  act  so  strongl}^  that  the  Pharisees 
and  lawyers  present  could  find  no  further 
ground  of  complaint.  Taking  advantage 
of  the  occasion,  he  spoke  the  parable 
of  the  Great  Supper.  Great  multitudes 
gathered  about  him,  and  knowing  that 
they  had  no  proper  conception  of  his 
service,  he  spoke  strongly  of  the  neces- 
sity of  self-denial  upon  the  part  of  those 
who  would  be  his  disciples. 

Many  publicans  and  sinners  gathered 
about  him,  and  he  showed  his  regard  for 
them  by  eating  with  them.  This  again 
aroused  the  scribes  and  Pharisees,  and  in 
an,swering  their  criticisms  he  .spoke  three 
parables — the  Lost  Sheep,  the  Lost  Piece 

46 


Luke. 


John, 


THREI3   MONTHS   IN   SECLUSION.      A.D.    30. 


47 


of  Money,  and  the  Prodigal  Son.  To  the 
disciples  he  spoke  the  parable  of  the 
Unjnst  Steward;  as  the  Pharisees  were 
listening-,  he  spoke  to  them  of  the  sane- 
tit}'  of  the  law,  and  added  the  parable  of 
the  Rich  Man  and  Lazarus.  Addressing 
his  disciples  again,  he  spoke  of  offenses, 
forgiveness,  and  faith.  The  Pharisees 
inquired  when  the  kingdom  of  God  should 
come,  and  he  replied,  teaching  them  that 
the  important  thing  is  not  knowledge  of 
the  time  of  its  coming,  but  readiness  for 
its  appearance.  He  then  added  two  par- 
ables— the  Unjust  Judge,  and  the  Pharisee 
and  Publican. 

It  was  about  this  time  that  he  was 
called  to  Bethany  to  heal  Lazarus.  He 
tarried,  however,  two  da3's  after  the  call 
came;  during  this  time  Lazarus  died. 
Then,  accompanied  by  his  disciples,  prob- 
ably the  Twelve,  though  others  may  have 
been  with  him,  he  returned  to  Bethany. 
The  story  of  his  meeting  with  the  broken- 
hearted sisters,  and  of  the  wonderful 
manner  in  which  Lazarus  was  restored 
to  life,  forms  a  most  beautiful  and  touch- 
ing part  of  the  Gospel  by  John.  But 
the  enmity  of  the  Pharisees  was  again 
aroused.  A  meeting  of  the  Sanhedrin 
was  quickly  called,  and  Caiaphas,  the 
high  priest,  argued  that  the  life  of  the 
nation  demanded  the  death  of  Jesus;  he 
uttered  a  great  truth,  but  one  that  was 
not  understood  bj-  him  or  them.  They  at 
once  put  in  operation  plans  to  attain  this 
end,  but  Jesus,  knowing  their  purposes, 
withdrew  again  from  them  and  went  to 
Ephraim.  Here  he  remained  for  some 
time  in  retirement  with  his  disciples;  we 
have  no  record  of  what  occurred. 

At  length   the  time  of  the  Passover 


Joli  n . 


48 


JESUS   THE    NAZARIZN'E. 


drew  near,  and  Jesus  started  on  liis  last 
journey  to  Jerusalem.  On  the  wa}-  he 
spoke  of  the  lawfulness  of  divorce.  After 
this  little  children  were  brought  to  him 
for  his  blessing;  and  although  the  disci- 
ples objected  to  their  being  brought,  he 
said,  "Suffer  the  little  children  to  come 
unto  me;  forbid  them  not:  for  of  such  is 
the  kingdom  of  God"  (Mark).  "And 
he  took  them  in  his  arms,  and  blessed 
them,  laj'ing  his  hands  upon  them" 
(Mark).  A  rich  young  ruler,  perhaps  of 
the  synagogue,^  accosted  him  in  relation 
to  the  conditions  on  which  eternal  life 
ma}'  be  attained.  Upon  being  taught  the 
necessity  of  extremeself-denial,  theyoixng 
man  withdrew  with  a  sad  heart,  and  even 
the  disciples  vv^ere  led  to  sa}',  in  wonder, 
' '  Then  who  can  be  saved ?  "  ( Luke.)  After 
this  he  spoke  the  parable  of  the  Laborers 
in  the  Vineyard.  To  the  disciples  he 
announced  the  near  approach  of  his  death 
at  the  hands  of  his  enemies,  and  also 
assured  them  of  his  resurrection.  At 
some  point  in  the  journey  the  mother 
of  James  and  John  came  to  him  with  the 
request  that  her  sons  be  given  positions 
of  special  honor  in  his  kingdom  about  to 
be  set  up,  as  they  supposed.-  His  repl}- 
informed  her  that  they  should  expect 
lives  of  service  and  trial  rather  than  of 
position  and  honor. 

As  he  approached  Jericho  two  blind 
men  besought  him  for  healing,  and  he 
answered  their  request;  the  name  of  one 
of  them  was  Bartimeus.  At  Jericho  he 
lodged  in  the  home  of  one  Zaccheus,  a 


Luke.        John 


1  See  Alford  on  Luke  iS  :  i8. 

*  Geikie  holds  that  James  and  John  were  cousins  of  our  Lord,  and  that  this  request 
may  have  been  made  on  the  ground  of  relationship.  (See  "New  Testament  Hours," 
pp.  70,  72.) 


THREE   MONTHS   IN  SECLUSION.      A.D.    30. 


49 


Matt.        Mark 


chief  publican.  As  Jesus  passed  by,  Zac- 
cheus,  being  of  small  stature,  climbed  up 
into  a  sycamore  tree  in  order  that  he 
might  see  Jesus,  as  he  was  surrounded  by 
the  multitude.  Jesus,  seeing  him,  called 
him  to  come  down,  as  he  intended  to  lodge 
in  his  house.  At  this  the  enemies  of  Jesus 
took  offense,  because,  as  they  said,  "he 
is  gone  in  to  lodge  with  a  man  that  is 
a  sinner"  (Luke).  As  he  was  leaving 
the  city  the  next  day  he  spoke  the  parable 
of  the  Pounds.  The  narrative  indicates 
that  on  this  same  evening,  "six  days 
before  the  passover"  (John),  Friday, 
Nisan  8,  INIarch  31,^  he  arrived  at  Beth- 
an}-,  the  home  of  ^Nlar}',  Martha,  and 
Lazarus.  He  seems  to  have  made  his  home 
with  them  durin"-  the  week  followine. 


Luke. 


John. 


'Andrews,  p.  422.     Farrar,  p.  325. 


CHAPTER  VII. 


Passion  Week. 


z6:6 


to 


26:13. 


Saturday  {Sabbath),  Nisati  9,  April  i. 

Jesus  spent  the  day  in  Bethany,  and 
was  given  a  supper^  at  the  "house  of 
Simon  the  leper"  (Matthew),  at  which 
iMartha  served,  Lazarus  also  being  pres- 
ent. During  the  feast,  Marj-,  the  sister  of 
Lazarus  and  IMartha,  washed  the  feet  of 
Jesus  with  her  tears,  and  with  a  box 
of  very  costly  ointment  anointed  both 
his  head  and  his  feet.  Judas  took  ex- 
ception to  the  seeming  waste,  but  Jesus 
commended  Mar}^  saying  that  she  had 
come  beforehand  to  anoint  his  body  for 
burial.  On  this  same  da}',  toward  even- 
ing, many  of  the  Jews  who  had  come  to 
Jerusalem  to  attend  the  Passover  came 
out  to  Bethany  to  see  Jesus,  and  Lazarus, 
whom  Jesus  had  recenth'  raised  to  life. 
This  growing  interest  in  Lazarus  became 
a  source  of  annoyance  to  the  rulers,  be- 
cause it  was  promoting  belief  in  Jesus;  as 
a  consequence  they  turned  against  Laz- 
arus and  sought  to  take  his  life. 

Sunday,  Nisan  10,  April  2. 

Toward  evening  Jesus  started  to  go  into 
Jerusalem.  When  he  arrived  at  Beth- 
phage  he  sent  two  of  his  disciples  into 
the  village  to  find  an  ass  and  a  colt, 
which  they  were  to  bring   for  his   use. 


John. 


^  Matthew  and  Mark  seem  to  place  this  feast  several  days  later,  but  careful  attention  to 
the  records  will  reveal  the  indication  that  they  do  not  claim  to  give  the  exact  time. 

50 


PASSION   WEEK. 


51 


Malt, 
to 

21:11. 

Mark, 
to 

ii:ji. 

2I:lS,ig 

11:12 
to 

21:13 

The  beasts  were  brought,  and  seating 
himself  on  the  colt,  he  made  what  is 
termed  his  triumphal  entrj^  into  Jeru- 
salem. He  was  preceded  b}-  a  great 
multitude  of  people  who,  with  great 
demonstrations  of  delight,  welcomed  him 
as  the  son  of  David  coming  in  the  name 
of  the  Lord.  This  of  course  aroused  the 
Pharisees  anew,  and  they  requested  Jesus 
to  order  the  peoj^le  to  desist;  but  he  re- 
plied, "If  these  shall  hold  their  peace, 
the  stones  will  cry  out"  (Luke).  Not- 
withstanding all  these  expressions  of 
interest,  when  Jesus  drew  near  the  city, 
presumably  as  he  gained  the  first  view  of 
the  temple  from  the  summit  of  Olivet,  he 
wept,  and  bewailed  the  fate  of  both  peo- 
ple and  cit}-.  After  reaching  the  city  he 
went  into  the  temple  and  simply  looked 
about  on  what  was  to  be  seen,  and  re- 
turned to  Bethany. 

Monday,  Nisan  11,  April j. 

In  the  morning  Jesus  returned  to  the 
city  with  the  disciples.  It  seems  that  he 
had  not  taken  breakfast,  for  on  the  way 
he  was  hungry;  he  may  have  spent  the 
night  in  prayer,  terminating  in  a  fast. 
On  the  way  he  saw  a  fig  tree  at  some 
distance.  Although  it  was  not  the  time 
for  figs,  he  went  to  see  whether  it  bare 
any,  and  finding  none,^  he  said,  "Let 
there  be  no  fruit  from  thee  henceforward 
for  ever ' '  (  Matthew ).  He  then  proceeded 
to  the  city,  and  found  in  the  temple  the 
same  desecration  of  God's  house  that  he 
had  rebuked  so  emphatically  three  years 


Luke. 


John. 


»  "  The  tree  was  precocious  in  being  clothed  with  leaves;  and  if  it  had  had  on  it  winter 
figs,  which  remain  on  from  autumn,  and  ripen  early  the  next  season,  they  would  have 
been  ripe  at  this  time.    But  there  were  none — it  was  a  barren  tree."—Alfordon  Mark  11:13. 


52 


JESUS  THE   NAZARENE. 


before.  Seeing  this,  lie  again  rebuked 
tliem,  and  drove  out  those  who  were 
buying  and  selling  offerings  for  sacrifice, 
and  overturned  the  tables  of  the  money 
brokers  who  were  there  exchanging  the 
temple  coins  for  those  of  commerce.  The 
scribes  and  Pharisees  were  again  aroused 
at  this  seemingly  unwarranted  assump- 
tion of  authorit}-,  but  were  evidently  held 
in  check  by  the  approval  that  he  received 
from  the  people;  even  the  children  cried 
out,  "Hosanna  to  the  son  of  David" 
(Matthew).  lie  returned  again  to  Beth- 
any to  spend  the  night. 

Tuesday,  Nisan  12,  April  4, 

Was  crowded  with  interesting  events. 
On  their  way  to  the  city  in  the  morning, 
Jesus  and  the  disciples  passed  again  b}^ 
the  fig  tree,  and  the  disciples  were  sur- 
prised to  see  it  withered  and  d3ing.  When 
they  spoke  of  it  to  Jesus,  he  used  the  cir- 
cumstance to  teach  them  the  importance 
and  the  potency  of  faith. 

Upon  his  arrival  at  the  temple  the  chief 
priests  and  scribes  demanded  his  author- 
itj-  for  what  he  had  done,  referring,  no 
doubt,  to  the  authoritative  manner  in 
which  he  had  cleansed  the  temple  the 
day  before.  He  gave  them  no  definite 
reply,  undoubtedly  intending  to  say  by 
his  conduct  that  his  acts  were  the  seal 
of  his  authority.  He  then  spoke  to  them 
in  parables,  uttering  the  Two  Sons,  the 
Wicked  Husbandmen,  and  the  Marriageof 
the  King's  Son.  He  was  afterward  ques- 
tioned in  relation  to  the  payment  of  trib- 
ute to  Caesar,  the  resurrection,  the  chief 
commandment,  and  the  Messiah,  the  effort 
being  in  each  case  to  entangle  him  so 


Luke. 


John, 


19:48. 


PASSION   WEEK. 


53 


Malt. 

Mark. 
12:44- 

24:1 

13-1 

as  to  find  some  pretext  for  proceeding 
against  him .  But  to  all  of  these  inquiries 
he  gave  such  answers  that  they  could 
only  marvel  at  the  wisdom  with  which 
he  spoke.  "And  no  man  after  that  durst 
ask  him  any  question  ' '  ( Mark ).  He  then 
proceeded  to  warn  his  disciples  against 
the  scribes  and  Pharisees,  pronouncing 
against  them  many  and  grievous  woes 
because  of  their  unjustifiable  hypocrisy. 

While  sitting  in  the  court  of  the  wo- 
men, Jesus  looked  up  at  the  worshipers 
as  they  deposited  their  gifts  in  the  treas- 
ure chests  placed  there  for  their  reception. 
Among  others  there  came  a  poor  widow, 
whose  offering  did  not  exceed  in  value 
one-twelfth  of  a  cent,  and  as  she  depos- 
ited it  the  Lord  commended  her  as  giving 
more  than  all  the  others,— it  was  all  she 
had.  Certain  Greeks,  Gentile  "prose- 
l57tes  of  the  gate,"  desired  to  see  him, 
but  his  answer  indicates  that  he  knew 
that  the  motive  behind  their  anxiety  was 
simply  a  feeling  of  curiosity,  and  hence 
not  particularly  worthy  of  encourage- 
ment. Jesus  was  now  occupied  with 
thoughts  of  his  approaching  death,  and 
as  he  spoke  of  this,  and  tittered  a  short 
pra3-er,  there  came  an  audible  voice  from 
heaven  testifs'ing  to  his  character  and 
work.  He  continued  to  speak  of  the 
importance  of  accepting,  and  the  danger 
of  rejecting,  the  true  Light.  Many  of 
the  rulers  were  led  to  believe  on  him. 

Shortly  after  this  he  left  the  temple  for 
the  last  time.  As  they  were  passing  out 
the  disciples  called  his  attention  to  the 
splendor  of  the  building.  This  caused 
him  to  speak  at  length  of  the  awful  fate 
awaiting  both  city  and  temple.  At  length 
reaching  the  Mount  of  Olives,  the  disci- 


Litkc 


John. 


54 


je;sus  the  nazarene. 


Matt. 


Mark, 


26:5. 


26: 14-16 


13:37- 


pies  asked  a  further  explanation,  desiring 
to  know  especially  the  time  of  these 
events.  This  led  Jesus  to  speak  in  a 
strange,  almost  enigmatical  strain,  in 
which  he  so  combined  his  statements  re- 
specting the  destruction  of  Jerusalem  and 
respecting  his  own  second  coming,  that  it 
is  for  us  to-da}'  quite  difficult,  if  not  im- 
possible, to  separate  them.  He  then  spoke 
two  parables,— the  Ten  Virgins  and  the 
Talents,— closing  with  some  statements 
relative  to  his  betra3'al.  After  this  they 
went  to  Bethany  and  staj-ed  all  night.  It 
was  probabl}-  on  this  evening  that  Judas 
bargained  with  the  chief  priests  for  his 
betrayal.  1 

Wednesday,  Nisa7i  ij,  Aptil s- 

He  seems  to  have   spent   this   day  in 
Bethau}^  in  quiet. - 

TJuirsday,  Nisan  14,  April  6. 

THE   PASSOVER. 

This  proved  to  be  the  most  eventful 
da}-  of  all  thus  far;  however,  not  much 
occurred  until  evening.  During  most  of 
the  day  Jesus  remained  at  Bethanj-.  He 
sent  Peter  and  John  into  the  city,  prob- 
ably in  the  earlier  part  of  the  day,  to 
prepare  the  Passover  for  him  and  the 
Twelve,  indicating  to  them  how  they 
should  find  a  suitable  room.  In  the 
evening,  with  the  remaining  ten,  he  went 
into  the  cit}',  and  proceeded  directly  to 
the  room  where  the  feast  was  prepared. 
At  some  time  during  the  evening,  it  ma}- 
be  while  thej^  were  deciding  the  places 


Luke, 
to 


21:36. 


21:37 

to 
22:6. 


John. 


'  So  Alford  and  Andrews.    Farrar  and  Geikie  prefer  Saturday  after  the  anointing  at  the 
house  of  Simon. 

°So  Andrews,  Geikie,  Farrar,  Weiseler,  ElHcott. 


PASSION   WEEK. 


55 


Matt. 


Mark. 


z6:  2I-2S 


14:18-21 


26:  26-x'; 


26::;o. 


14:26 


26:36 


they  should  occupy  at  the  table,  there 
arose  among  the  disciples  a  strife  as  to 
which  of  them  should  be  the  greatest 
in  the  coming  kingdom.  Noticing  this, 
Jesus,  in  order  to  teach  them  a  lesson  of 
humility,  took  a  basin  of  water  and  pro- 
ceeded to  wash  their  feet,  a  service  which 
they  should  have  performed  for  him  in- 
stead. After  this,  while  eating  the  feast, 
he  told  them  that  one  of  them  should 
betray  him,  and,  to  John  at  least,  pointed 
out  Judas  as  the  traitor,  Judas,  notic- 
ing that  his  purposes  were  being  made 
known,  withdrew  at  once  to  complete  the 
betrayal;  the  other  disciples  thought  that 
he  went  out  to  secure  something  for  the 
further  days  of  the  feast.  After  Judas  had 
withdrawn,  possibly  before,  Jesus  insti- 
tuted the  ordinance  of  the  Lord's  Supper, 
and  spoke  of  what  was  about  to  come 
upon  him;  he  warned  them  also  that  dur- 
ing the  night  they  would  all  desert  him. 
Peter's  self-assurance  caused  the  Lord  to 
warn  him  especially.  He  continued  to 
speak  to  them,  discoursing  respecting  the 
Comforter,  and  of  the  necessity  of  their 
"abiding"  in  him,  closing  the  evening 
ser^dce  with  his  great  intercessor^'  praj-er. 
They  then  sang  a  hj-mn,  and  Avitlidrew 
from  the  room. 

THE  ARREST. 

As  he  had  done  on  isrevious  evenings, 
Jesus  started  in  the  direction  of  Bethany, 
accompanied  hy  the  Eleven.  When  the}' 
arrived  at  the  garden  of  Gethsemane  he 
turned  aside  and  entered  the  enclosure. 
Leaving  eight  of  the  number  at  the  en- 
trance,- he  took  with  him  Peter,  James, 
and  John  and  withdrew  into  the  midst 
of  the  garden,  "  and  began  to  be  sorrow- 


Luke. 


John. 


22:  21-23 


22:  j^-20 


22:31-3$ 


17:26. 


56 


JESUS  THE   NAZARENE. 


Matt.       Mark 


26:si^. 


ful  and  sore  troubled"  (Matthew).  He 
then  withdrew  from  the  three  and  praj^ed 
for  some  time;  when  he  returned  he 
found  them  all  asleep.  Twice  more  did  he 
withdraw  for  prayer,  and  each  time  upon 
his  return  he  found  the  disciples  asleep. 
Upon  his  return  the  third  time,  Judas 
appeared  with  a  band  of  ofBcers  and  a 
multitude  of  people  who  had  come  out  to 
arrest  him.  When  Jesus  saw  them  coming 
he  went  to  them  and  asked,  "Whom 
seek  ye?"  The}-  told  him  that  they  were 
seeking  Jesus  of  Nazareth,  and  he  replied, 
"I  am  he,"  and  the  crowd  fell  back  in 
confusion.  He  repeated  the  question, 
and  to  their  reply  said  again,  "I  am 
he  "  (John).  Judas,  seeing  that  they  were 
awaiting  his  action,  stepped  forward  and, 
according  to  the  prearranged  plan,  saluted 
Jesus  with  "Hail,  Rabbi;  and  kissed  him  " 
(Matthew).  The  of&cers  then  arrested 
Jesus.  Peter,  however,  drew  a  sword 
brought  from  the  room  of  the  supper, 
and  smote  a  ser^-ant  of  the  high  priest, 
cutting  off  his  right  ear.  At  once  Jesus 
healed  the  wound  and  bade  Peter  put  up 
his  sword.  The  disciples,  seeing  Jesus  in 
the  hands  of  his  enemies,  took  to  flight, 
except  that  a  young  man,  possiblj'  Mark, 
followed  him  for  some  distance  and  then 
also  fled.  Peter  and  John,  recovering  at 
length  from  their  fright,  followed  at  a 
distance,  and  through  the  influence  of 
John  were  admitted  into  the  palace  of  the 
high  priest.  The  arrest  occurred  proba- 
bl}'  about  midnight. 

Friday,  Nisan  j^,  April "/. 

THE  TRIAL. 

Jesus  was  taken  at  once  to  Annas,  ex- 
high  priest  and  father-in-law  to  Caiaphas, 


Luke, 


John. 


PASSION  WEEK. 


57 


Matt. 

Mark. 

26:57 
to 

27:2. 

14:53 

to 

15:1. 

27-3 

to 

15:2 
to 

probably  in  recognition  of  his  influence. 
After  a  very  brief  hearing  he  sent  him 
to  Caiaphas,  the  high  priest,  where  the 
members  of  the  Sanhedrin  were  already 
assembled,  probablj'  about  i  a.m.  After 
repeated  efforts  to  find  testimony  against 
him  had  failed,  they  informally  pro- 
nounced him  worthy  of  death  because 
he  had  openly  avowed  that  he  was  the 
Christ,  the  Son  of  the  Blessed,  and  then 
adjourned  to  meet  after  daylight  to  ratify 
the  finding.  During  this  trial  occurred 
the  denial  of  Peter,  while  standing  with 
the  enemies  of  Jesus  in  the  open  court 
around  a  fire.  When  the  Sanhedrin  ad- 
journed they  left  Jesus  in  the  hands  of 
the  rabble,  by  whom  he  was  greatl}- 
abused,  being  spit  upon,  blindfolded,  and 
smitten  on  the  face.  After  daybreak  the 
Sanhedrin  again  assembled  and,  after  a  few 
questions,  formally  pronounced  sentence 
against  him,  and  immediately  led  him 
to  Pilate,  the  Roman  procurator,  to  have 
their  sentence  confirmed,  as  they  had  no 
authority  to  inflict  the  death  penalty. 

Judas,  learning  that  Jesus  was  con- 
demned and  in  a  fair  way  to  death,  re- 
pented of  his  treachery  and  brought  the 
money  back  to  the  chief  priests,  and  then 
went  out  and  hanged  himself 

Jesus  was  now  before  Pilate.  His  ac- 
cusers did  not  enter  the  judgment  hall, 
because  going  into  the  house  of  a  Gentile 
would  defile  them,  and  they  would  not 
be  permitted  to  participate  further  in  the 
feast;  hence,  Pilate  came  out  to  them, 
and  demanded  their  charge.  They  first 
accused  Jesus  of  being  a  malefactor, 
and  Pilate  at  once  directed  them  to  take 
him  and  judge  him  themselves.  But  this 
they  had  no  authority  to  do.     He  then 


Luke. 
22:5.1. 

22:55 

John. 

18:27. 

to 
23:1. 

23:2 
to 

18:28 
to 

58 


JESUS  THE  NAZARENE. 


Matt. 


Mark. 


took  Jesus  with  liiui  into  the  hall  of  judg- 
ment and  asked  him,  ' '  Art  thou  the  King 
of  the  Jews?"  (L,uke.)  Though  Jesus 
replied  in  the  affirmative,  Pilate  turned  to 
the  Jews  with  the  statement,  "I  find  no 
fault  in  this  man"  (I^uke).  Still  further 
aroused  b}'  the  manifest  danger  that 
their  wishes  would  not  be  gratified,  they 
charged  Jesus  with  creating  disturbance 
among  the  people  even  from  Galilee  to 
Jerusalem. 

Hearing  mention  of  Galilee,  Pilate  was 
pleased,  because  Herod,  the  tetrarch  of 
Galilee,  was  then  in  the  cit}',  and  he  at 
once  sent  Jesus  to  him  for  trial.  Herod 
was  also  pleased  with  this,  because  for 
a  long  time  he  had  desired  to  see  Jesus. 
But  he  was  disappointed  when  Jesus  re- 
fused to  repl}^  to  an}'  of  his  inquiries;  he 
also  hoped  to  see  him  work  some  miracle. 
The  silence  of  Jesus  in  his  presence  caused 
Herod  to  turn  against  him,  and  he  made 
Jesus  an  object  of  derision  before  the 
members  of  his  court,  and  then  returned 
him  to  Pilate.  This  compliment  of  Pilate 
to  Herod  resulted  in  the  restoration  of 
friendship  between  the  two  rulers. 

Upon  the  return  of  Jesus,  Pilate  ad- 
dressed the  Jews,  saying  that  neither 
he  nor  Herod  had  found  any  fault  with 
Jesus,  and  hence  he  would  release  him 
according  to  the  custom  to  release  one 
prisoner  during  the  Passover.  But  the}- 
vehemently  objected,  demanding  instead 
the  release  of  one  Barabbas,  a  notorious 
insurrectionist  and  murderer.  When  Pi- 
late asked  what  he  should  do  with  Jesus, 
the}- cried  out  at  once,  "Crucify,  crucify 
him"  (Luke).  About  this  time  Pilate's 
wife,  Claudia  Procula,  sent  a  message  to 
Pilate  urging  him  to  have  nothing  to  do  ] 


J.'Jm. 


2S:jS. 


2:,. -6 


lS:3<),40 


PASSION  WEEK. 


59 


Matt. 


27:31. 


27:32^3 


.^rark. 


with  tlie  case,  as  she  had  suffered  much 
in  a  dream,  concerning  Jesus.  Pilate  then 
proposed  to  scourge  him  and  let  him  go 
free.  But  to  this  his  enemies  would  not 
consent.  They  still  called  for  his  crucifix- 
ion and  for  the  release  of  Earabbas.  Pilate 
}-ielded,  and  ordered  Jesus  to  be  scourged 
preparatory  to  crucifixion.  But  3'et  he 
half  repented,  and  renewed  his  efibrts  for 
the  release  of  Jesus;  but  the  Jews  renewed 
their  attack,  now  demanding  his  death 
because  he  claimed  to  be  the  Son  of  God. 
This  accusation  caused  Pilate  to  take  him 
again  into  the  judgment  hall.  After  ex- 
amining him  further,  he  seemed  deter- 
mined to  release  him.  But  now  the  Jews 
raised  the  cry  that  if  he  released  Jesus  he 
would  show  himself  dislo3-al  to  Caesar. 
This  aroused  a  fear  of  Csesar  that  quickl}' 
influenced  Pilate's  mind.  He  then  took 
water  and  washed  his  hands,  thus  indi- 
cating that  he  was  unwilling  to  bear  any 
part  of  the  responsibility  in  the  case,  and 
pronounced  final  sentence  of  death,  and 
Jesus  was  delivered  over  to  be  crucified. 
The  soldiers  to  whom  he  was  delivered, 
taking  advantage  of  his  seeminglj^  help- 
less situation,  heaped  upon  Jesus  all 
manner  of  mockery  and  insult.  When 
they  led  him  out  to  crucifixion  they  laid 
upon  him  the  transverse  beam  of  the 
cross.  ^  But  this  soon  proved  too  heav}''  for 
Jesus  in  his  exhausted  condition,  and  they 
compelled  one  Simon  of  C3'rene  to  bear 
it.  They  were  followed  by  manj-  wo- 
men of  the  city,  weeping  because  of  the 
fate  that  awaited  Jesus;  bvit  he  told  them 


I. like. 


John. 


'"The  cross  was  an  upright  pale  or  beam,  intersected  by  a  transverse  one  at  right 
angles.  .  .  .  To  this  cross  the  criminal,  being  stripped  of  his  clothes,  was  fixed  by  nails 
driven  through  the  hands  and  ( not  always,  nor  perhaps  generally,)  through  the  feet,  sepa- 
rate or  united.  The  body  was  not  supported  by  the  nails,  but  by  a  piece  of  wood  which 
passed  between  the  legs." — Alford  on  Matt.  27:35. 


6o 


JEvSUS   THE   NAZARENE. 


Matt. 

Mark. 

27-34-3S 

15:23- 

15:24-32 

27:39-44 

27:45-47 

15:33-35 

27:48,  49 

15:36. 

27:50. 

15:37- 

they  needed  to  weep  rather  for  themselves 
and  for  their  children.  At  length  they 
reached  Golgotha,  the  place  of  crucifix- 
ion. 

THE  CRUCIFIXION. 

The  hour  of  the  crucifixion  was  proba- 
bl}^  about  nine  o'clock  in  the  morning. 
Before  crucifying  him  they  oifered  Jesus 
a  drink  prepared  to  produce  stupefac- 
tion, but  he  declined  to  take  it.  While 
they  were  driving  the  nails  into  his  flesh 
he  spoke  the  first  of  the  seven  utterances 
on  the  cross,  "Father,  forgive  them;  for 
they  know  not  what  they  do"  (Luke). 
After  the  cross  was  erected  the  soldiers 
sat  down  to  divide  his  clothes,  while  the 
rabble  indulged  in  wild  rejoicing  and 
wicked  reviling.  Two  thieves  were  cru- 
cified with  him.  The}',  too,  joined  in  the 
reviling,  until  one  at  length  became  con- 
vinced of  the  superior  character  of  Jesus 
and  pra5^ed,  "Jesus,  remember  me  when 
thou  comest  in  thy  kingdom"  (Luke). 
Jesus  replied,  "To-day  shalt  thou  be  with 
me  in  Paradise"  (Luke).  Looking  down 
near  the  cross,  he  saw  his  mother,  and 
near  her  the  apostle  John,  and  he  spoke  the 
third  time,  saying,  "Woman,  behold,  thy 
son !"  and  to  John ,"  Behold ,  thj^  mother ! ' ' 
(John.)  Following  this  occurred  the  three 
hours  of  darkness,  from  12  m.  to  3  p.m., 
during  which  some  still  lingered  near  the 
cross.  As  the  darkness  passed  away  Jesus 
cried  aloud — "My  God,  my  God,  why 
hast  thou  forsaken  me?"  (Matthew.) 
Shortly  after,  he  spoke  again,  "  I  thirst" 
(John);  then  waiting  a  short  time,  he 
said,  "  It  is  finished  "  (John),  and  followed 
this  with  the  seventh  and  last  utterance, 
"Father,  into  thy  hands  I  commend  my 
spirit "  (Lnke),  bowed  his  head,  and  died. 


Ltike.       John. 


19:23,  24 


19:25-27 


23:44,45 


19:28-30 


23:46-49 


PASSION  WEEK. 


6i 


Mail. 
27  ■■51-56 


27:57-61 


27:  62-66 


Mark. 
15:38-41 


At  this  the  earth  quaked,  the  veil  of 
the  temple  between  the  Holy  and  the  Most 
Holy  places  was  rent  from  top  to  bottom, 
a  number  of  graves  were  opened,  ' '  and 
many  bodies  of  the  saints  that  had  fallen 
asleep  were  raised;  and  coming  forth  out 
of  the  tombs  after  his  resurrection  the}- 
entered  into  the  hoi}'  city  and  appeared 
unto  many"  (Matthew). 

As  it  was  the  day  before  the  Sabbath, 
the  Jews  requested  Pilate  to  order  the 
soldiers  to  break  the  legs  of  those  who 
had  been  crucified,  that  their  death  might 
be  hurried,  so  that  their  bodies  might  be 
removed  before  the  Sabbath.  Coming  to 
Jesus,  they  found  him.  already  dead,  and 
they  passed  him  without  breaking  his 
legs,  but  thrust  a  spear  into  his  side. 
Toward  evening  Joseph  of  Arimathea,  a 
member  of  the  Sanhedrin  and  a  believer 
in  Jesus  (  "  he  had  not  consented  to  their 
counsel  and  deed ' ' — Luke ),  came  to  Pilate 
to  obtain  permission  to  bury  the  body  of 
Jesus.  Having  obtained  his  request,  he 
went  out  with  Nicodemus,  also  a  member 
of  the  Sanhedrin,  and  took  the  body  of 
Jesus  down  from  the  cross,  and  laid  it  in 
his  own  private  sepulcher,  just  newly 
built  in  a  garden  near  the  place  of  the 
crucifixion.  A  number  of  women  ob- 
served the  burial. 

Saturday,  Nisan  16,  April  8. 

During  the  Sabbath  ( Saturday )  the  body 
of  Jesus  lay  in  the  tomb.  Toward  evening 
the  chief  priests  and  Pharisees,  remember- 
ing what  he  had  said  concerning  rising 
from  the  dead,  came  to  Pilate  and  requested 
him  to  station  a  guard  at  the  tomb,  lest 
the  disciples  should  come  and  steal  the 


Luke. 


John. 


'9:31-37 


23:50-56 


19:38-42 


62 


JESUS  THE   NAZARENE. 


Matt. 


Mark. 


body  away.  Desiring  to  please  them, 
Pilate  granted  the  request,  and  they 
placed  the  governor's  seal  on  the  tomb, 
and  stationed  a  guard  of  Roman  soldiers 
to  prevent  an}^  interference  on  the  part 
of  the  disciples. 


Luke. 


John. 


CHAPTER  VIII. 


Resurrection,  Appearances,  and  Ascension. 


Mark. 


28:8. 


i6:8. 


Siniday,  Nisan  77,  April  g. 

THE  RESURRECTION. 

Early  in  the  morning  of  the  first  day 
of  the  week,  Mary  Magdalene  and  Mary 
the  mother  of  James,  and  Salome,  with 
perhaps  other  women,  having  prepared 
the  necessary  articles,  started  to  the  tomb 
to  complete  the  anointing  of  the  body  of 
Jesus,  evidently  not  aware  of  the  seal- 
ing of  the  tomb  and  the  placing  of  the 
guard. 

At  some  time  in  the  morning  there  was 
an  earthquake,  and  the  angel  of  the  Lord 
rolled  back  the  stone  from  the  tomb  and 
sat  upon  it.  At  the  sight  of  him  the 
guards  were  affrighted,  and  fell  back  as 
dead  men. 

The  women  at  length  drew  near,  won- 
dering as  they  came  how  the  great  stone 
should  be  removed  from  the  door  of  the 
sepulcher.  But  when  they  came  in  sight 
of  the  tomb  they  saw  the  stone  alread}^ 
removed.  The  guard  had  left  before  this 
time,  and  the  women  went  on  to  the 
tomb,  and  at  length  entered  it,  onl}'  to 
be  thrice  surprised, — at  the  absence  of 
Jesus'  body,  and  at  the  presence  of  two 
apparently  young  men,  who  still  further 
surprised  them  by  telling  them  that  Jesus 
was  not  there,  but  had  risen,  and  that 
they  should  go  and  tell  his  disciples. 
Marj'  Magdalene  hurriedly  left  the  tomb 
63 


Luke. 


John. 


64 


JESUS   THE   NAZARENE. 


Matt. 


Mark. 


i6:g-ii ■ 


z8:gi,  10. 


1 6. -12,13 


16:14. 


and  went  into  the  city,  where  she  met 
Peter  and  John.  She  told  them  what 
they  had  seen  and  heard,  and  the  two, 
greatly  excited,  ran  to  the  sepulcher,  Mary 
following  after  them.  John  ran  the  faster, 
and  reaching  the  tomb,  stooped  down,  and 
Jooking  in  saw  nothing  but  the  burial 
clothes.  Peter,  coming  shortly  afterward, 
entered  the  tomb,  and  John  followed  him, 
and  both  were  convinced  that  Jesus  had 
risen.     They  then  returned  to  the  city. 

THE  APPEARANCES  ON  SUNDAY. 

Mary  Magdalene  reached  the  tomb  soon 
after  John  and  Peter  left,  and  stood  out- 
side weeping.  Presently  Jesus  appeared 
to  her,  but  she  did  not  recognize  him 
until  he  addressed  her  b}-  name.  About 
this  same  time  he  appeared  to  the  other 
women  also,  with  the  salutation,  "All 
hail"  (Matthew). 

During  the  da}'  two  of  the  disciples 
went  to  Emmaus.  On  the  way  Jesus 
appeared  to  them,  but  concealed  his  iden- 
tity until  in  the  evening  during  supper, 
when  they  recognized  him  in  the  breaking 
of  bread;  "and  he  vanished  out  of  their 
sight"  (Luke).  Excited  by  this,  the}' 
immediatel}'  returned  to  the  cit}',  where 
they  found  the  Eleven  met  together  dis- 
cussing an  appearance  of  Jesus  to  Peter. 
They  reported  his  appearance  to  them 
at  Emmaus,  and  while  they  were  talk- 
ing he  suddenly  stood  in  their  midst, 
and  saluted  them  with  ' '  Peace  be  unto 
you"  (Luke).  B}-  showing  them  his 
hands  and  feet  he  convinced  them  of 
his  identit}',  and  later  he  ate  with  them. 
During  the  evening  he  breathed  upon 
them,  and  said,  "Receive  ye  the  Holy 
Ghost"  (John). 


Luke. 


John. 


20:18. 


20:18-23 


RESURRECTION,    APPEARAXCES,    AND   ASCENSION. 


65 


Matt. 


Mark. 


28:16-20 


i6:l5-iS 


Mo7iday,  April  to —  Wcdfiesday,  May  17. 

OTHER    APPEARANCES. 

Thomas  was  not  present  at  the  meeting 
on  Sunday  evening,  and  he  refused  to  be- 
lieve what  the  others  had  told  him.  A 
week  later  the  apostles  were  together 
again,  and  Thomas  was  with  them.  Jesus 
again  appeared,  and  asked  Thomas  espe- 
cially- to  notice  the  evidences  of  his  resur- 
rection, that  he  might  be  fully  convinced; 
and  Thomas  said, ' '  M3'  Lord  and  my  God ' ' 
(John).  He  did  not  appear  again  for  some 
time,  and  the  disciples  began  to  return  to 
their  former  occupations.  On  a  certain 
occasion  Peter  and  seven  others  of  the 
apostles  spent  the  night  on  the  Sea  of  Gali- 
lee, fishing,  with  no  success.  In  the  early 
dawn  the}^  were  addressed  by  a  stranger 
standing  on  the  shore,  who  suggested 
that  they  "cast  the  net  on  the  right  side 
of  the  boat"  (John).  They  did  so,  and 
took  a  vast  multitude  of  fishes.  John 
declared  at  once,  "It  is  the  Lord  "  (John  ); 
and  Peter  sprang  into  the  water  and  swam 
ashore,  the  others  following  in  a  boat. 
On  the  shore  the}-  found  a  fire  kindled 
and  some  fish  being  cooked,  preparatory 
to  a  meal.  They  were  asked  to  bring  of 
their  catch  and  dine.  After  the  meal, 
occurred  that  peculiarlj^  interesting  con- 
versation between  Jesus  and  Peter  in 
which  Peter  thrice  avowed  his  love  for 
his  Lord,  whom  he  had  recently  thrice 
denied. 

Some  time  after  this  Jesus  appeared 
upon  an  unnamed  mountain  in  Galilee, 
where  he  gave  the  Great  Commission.  1 
Paul  tells  us  (I.  Cor.  15  :  7)  that  at  a  later 


'  This  appearance  is  probably  identical  with  that  named  by  Paul  in  I.  Cor.  15  : 6. 
S 


66 


JESUS  THE  NAZARENE. 


Matt. 


Mark. 


i6:ig- 


time  he  appeared  to  James,  an  appearance 
not  recorded  in  the  Gospels. 

Thursday,  May  i8. 

THE  ASCENSION. 

Forty  days  after  his  resurrection  Jesus 
again  met  the  disciples  in  Jerusalem.  He 
there  conversed  with  them  for  some  time, 
especially  reiterating  the  promise  of  the 
Holy  Spirit,  and  urging  them  to  remain 
in  Jerusalem  awaiting  his  coming.  He 
then  led  them  out  near  Bethan}^  convers- 
ing on  the  way.  At  length  he  lifted  up 
his  hands  and  blessed  them,  and  while 
blessing  them  he  was  "  parted  from  them, 
and  was  carried  up  into  heaven"  (Luke), 
"and  a  cloud  received  him  out  of  their 
sight.  And  while  they  were  looking 
stedfastly  into  heaven  as  he  went,  behold, 
two  men  stood  by  them  in  white  apparel; 
which  also  said,  Ye  men  of  Galilee,  why 
stand  5'e  looking  into  heaven  ?  this  Jesns, 
which  was  received  up  from  3-ou  into 
heaven,  shall  so  come  in  like  manner  as 
3'e  beheld  him  going  into  heaven." 

"Amen:  come,  Lord  Jesus." 


Luke. 

John. 

Acts. 

24-50-53 

1:4 

to 

j:i2. 

APPENDIX. 


Palestine; — Its  Places,  People,  and  Institutions  Mentioned 
IN  the  Gospels. 

Betliab^ara.  A  town  near  the  river  Jordan,  probably  east  of 
Jericho,  although  it  may  have  been  farther  north.  It  was  the  place 
where  "John  at  first  baptized,"  and  to  which  Jesus  retired  after  the 
feast  of  Dedication.    Jesus  was  probablj^  baptized  near  this  place. 

Betb^any.  A  small  village  situated  on  the  eastern  slope  of 
Olivet,  about  one  and  one-half  miles  from  Jerusalem.  It  was  the 
home  of  Mary,  Martha,  and  Lazarus,  and  was  frequently  visited  by 
Jesus. 

Betbes^da,  Pool  of.  A  pool  located,  according  to  Geikie,  at 
the  northwest  corner  of  the  temple  area;  one  hundred  and  sixty-five 
feet  long  and  forty-eight  feet  wide. 

Betb^lelieiii.  A  village  located  about  six  miles  south  of  Jeru- 
salem, on  a  ridge  2,550  feet  above  sea  level.  Being  the  place  of 
David's  birth,  it  was  called  "the  city  of  David."  It  was  also  the 
place  of  Rachel's  death  and  burial. 

Betlisa^ida.  A  town  in  Galilee,  near  the  head  of  the  Sea  of 
Galilee,  on  the  west  side  of  the  Jordan.  It  was  the  birthplace  of 
Philip,  Andrew,  and  Peter,  and  was  frequentlj^  visited  by  Jesus.  The 
exact  location  is  not  known. 

Betlisa^ida  Ju^lias.  A  village,  afterward  a  city,  on  the  east 
side  of  the  Jordan,  near  w'hich  Jesus  fed  the  5,000. 

Caesare^a.  The  Roman  capital  of  Judaea.  It  was  formerly  a 
city  of  great  splendor,  but  is  now  inhabited  only  by  robbers  and 
wild  animals. 

Caesare^a  Pliilip^pi.  A  city  situated  about  one  hundred  and 
twenty  miles  northeast  of  Jerusalem;  perhaps  visited  once  by  Jesus. 

67 


68  JESUS   THE   NAZARENE. 

Ca^na.  The  place  of  Jesus'  first  miracle;  a  small  village,  the 
exact  location  of  which  is  not  known,  but  probably  identical  with 
Kefr  Kenna,  about  four  miles  northeast  of  Nazareth;  some  authors 
prefer  Kana  el-Jelil,^about  seven  miles  northeast  of  Nazareth. 

Caper^nautll.  An  important  city  in  the  time  of  Jesus,  but  now 
so  completely  in  ruin  that  its  exact  location  is  not  known.  It  was 
near  the  head  of  the  Sea  of  Galilee,  on  the  west  side,  and  was  the 
home  of  Jesus  during  his  public  life. 

Cliora^zill.  A  city  or  village  in  the  vicinitj^  of  Capernaum, 
now  in  ruin.     The  exact  location  is  not  certain. 

Dalmanu^tlia.  A  town  south  of  Capernaum  on  the  seashore. 
The  exact  location  is  not  known. 

Dead  Sea.  The  size  of  this  sea  is  about  ten  by  forty-six  miles. 
The  surface  is  1,300  feet  below  sea  level.  The  water  is  clear  and 
beautiful,  but  salt  and  bitter.  The  sea  contains  no  living  thing,  and 
has  no  outlet.  The  cliffs  on  the  west  side  are  1,500  to  2,200  feet 
high. 

Decap^oliS.  A  district  of  country  east  of  the  Jordan,  and  extend- 
ing from  a  short  distance  south  of  the  Sea  of  Galilee  north  as  far  as 
Damascus,  including  ten  cities.  The  boundaries  are  not  definitely 
determined. 

Dedication,  Peast  of.  An  annual  feast  of  rejoicing,  kept 
in  commemoration  of  the  renewal  of  the  temple  service  after  its 
suspension  by  Antiochus  Epiphanes,  B.C.  167.  It  continued  one 
week. 

dn^maus.  A  small  village  probably  seven  or  eight  miles  north- 
east of  Jerusalem.     The  exact  location  is  uncertain. 

£^plirailll.  A  town  or  cit}^  about  eight  miles  north  of  Jerusa- 
lem.    The  exact  location  is  uncertain. 

Gal^ilee,  Sea  of.  Its  size  is  eight  bj'  fifteen  miles,  and  its  sur- 
face is  six  hundred  and  eighty-two  feet  below  sea  level.  The  course 
of  the  Jordan  is  perceptible  throughout  the  entire  length  of  the  sea. 
On  account  of  the  depression  of  the  sea  below  the  surrounding 
country,  it  is  subject  to  very  sudden  storms,  especially  from  the 
winds  coming  over  the  eastern  tablelands.     It  is  very  full  of  fish. 


APPENDIX.  69 

Gennes^aret*  A  plain  on  the  west  .shore  of  the  Sea  of  Gali- 
lee, sonth  of  Capernanm,  aljout  one  mile  wide  and  three  miles  long. 
It  was  ver}'  productive. 

Getbseiii^ane.  An  olive  garden  or  orchard  on  the  west  slope 
of  Olivet.     Its  exact  location  is  somewhat  disputed. 

Gol^gotlia.  The  place  of  the  crucifixion.  By  tradition,  it  is 
held  to  be  near  the  site  of  the  Church  of  the  Holy  Sepulcher,  on 
the  west  side  of,  and  within,  the  present  city  of  Jerusalem.  Modern 
investigators,  however,  quite  generally  prefer  a  point  just  north  of 
the  city.      It  was  near,  yet  without,  the  city  in  the  time  of  Christ. 

Hat^tiU)  Horns  of.  A  row  of  hills  or  low  mountains  on  the 
west  side  of  the  Sea  of  Galilee,  not  far  from  Capernaum;  probably 
the  place  of  the  Sermon  on  the  Mount. 

Her^xnon,  Mount.  The  most  conspicuous  mountain  in  Pales- 
tine. It  is  one  of  the  peaks  at  the  southern  extremity  of  the  Anti- 
Lebanon  range.  Its  height  is  10,000  feet.  It  was  probably  the  scene 
of  the  Transfiguration. 

Herods  of  tlie  ^e^w  Testament.  Herod  was  the  name 
of  an  Induniaean  family  who,  under  Roman  authority,  ruled  over 
the  Jewish  nation  in  New  Testament  times.  The  name  is  applied 
to  four  different  persons  by  New  Testament  writers. 

1.  Herod  the  Great,  called,  in  Matthew  3:1,  "Herod  the  king." 
He  was  a  son  of  Antipater,  who  was  made  jjrocurator  of  Judsea  by 
Julius  Caesar  b.c.  47.  Antipater  made  his  son,  Herod  the  Great, 
governor  of  Galilee.  B.C.  40  he  was  made  king  of  Judsea  by  act 
of  the  Roman  senate.  He  slew  his  wife's  grandfather  Hyrcanus, 
Mariamne  his  favorite  wife,  and  three  of  his  sons,  Alexander,  Aris- 
tobulus,  and  Antipater.     He  died  B.C.  4. 

2.  Herod  Antipas,  called  "the  tetrarch,"  and  twice  "the  king" 
( IMatt.  14  : 9;  Mark  6:4).  He  was  the  son  of  Herod  the  Great,  brother 
of  Archelaus,  half-brother  of  Philip  I.,  whose  wife  he  incestuously 
married,  and  also  half-brother  of  Philip  II.,  tetrarch  of  the  Bashan 
district.  He  was  appointed  tetrarch  of  Galilee  after  the  death  of 
his  father,  Herod  the  Great,  and  ruled  till  a.d.  38.  He  slew  John 
the  Baptist.    Jesus  appeared  before  him  in  his  trial. 


70  JESUS  THE   XAZARENE. 

3.  Herod  Agrippa  I.  was  the  son  of  Aristobulus  (mentioned  under 
No.  i)  and  grandson  of  Herod  the  Great.  He  was  made  governor 
of  the  Bashan  district  by  the  emperor  Caius  Caligula  a.d.  37;  later 
"was  given  Peraea  and  Galilee,  and  in  a.d.  41  was  given  also  Judaea 
and  Samaria,  thus  possessing  a  territor}'  equal  to  that  of  Herod  the 
Great.  It  was  by  his  order  that  the  apostle  James  was  slain  and 
Peter  thrown  into  prison.  He  died  suddenly  and  very  miserably 
at  Cassarea,  a.d.  44.     See  Acts  12  :  21-23. 

4.  Herod  Agrippa  II.  He  was  the  son  of  Agrippa  I.,  and  was 
given  the  principality  of  Chalcis  by  the  emperor  Claudius  a.d.  48. 
Four  j^ears  later  he  was  given  instead  the  former  tetrarchies  of 
Philip  II.  and  Lj'sanias,  with  the  title  of  king,  and  in  connection 
with  this  the  superintendence  of  the  temple  at  Jerusalem.  In  a.d. 
55  the  emperor  Nero  added  to  his  dominions  several  cities  and 
villages  of  Galilee.  It  was  before  him  that  Paul  made  the  address 
of  Acts  26.     He  died  at  Rome  a.d.  100,  in  his  seventieth  year. 

Jer^icllO.  The  first  cit}-  conquered  b}-  Joshua;  fifteen  miles  from 
Jesusalem,  a  little  north  of  east;  abovit  six  miles  west  of  the  Jordan. 

Jeru^Salem.  The  most  important  cit}-  of  Palestine.  The  elevation 
above  sea  level  is  2,500  feet.  It  is  built  on  two  summits  —  Mt.  Moriah 
and  Mt.  Zion.  The  Tyropoean  Vallej-  divides  the  city  from  north  to 
south;  the  valley  of  Kedron  or  Jehoshaphat  passes  on  the  east  side, 
and  the  valle)-  of  Hinnom  on  the  west  and  south  sides.  History. — 
Probably  Salem  of  Genesis  14:18;  captured  by  David,  B.C.  1046;  by 
Shishak  of  Eg3'pt,  B.C.  970;  recaptured  bj'  Jehoash,  king  of  Israel, 
B.C.  S30;  fortified  by  Uzziah,  b.c.  807;  improved  by  Jonathan  and 
Hezekiah,  B.C.  755  to  726;  city  and  temple  pillaged  by  Egyptians,  B.C. 
609;  captured  by  Nebuchadnezzar,  B.C.  606  to  598;  temple  repaired 
by  order  of  Cyrus  king  of  Persia,  B.C.  536  to  516;  Ezra  made  gover- 
nor, B.C.  469;  captured  by  Alexander  the  Great,  b.c.  322;  captured 
and  plundered  bj-  Ptolemy,  of  Eg3^pt,  B.C.  324;  captured  bj'  Anti- 
ochus  the  Great,  b.c.  200;  temple  profaned  by  Antiochus  Ephiphanes, 
B.C.  167;  the  Maccabees  obtained  control  B.C.  163;  invaded  and 
captured  b}'-  L3'sias,  the  governor  of  S3'ria,  about  B.C.  160;  recaptured 
by  Simon  Maccabeus,  B.C.  142;  captured  by  Pompey  of  Rome,  B.C.  63; 


APPENDIX.  71 

cit}-  and  temple  destroyed  by  Titus  of  Rome,  a.d.  70;  rebuilt  by 
Hadrian,  a.d.  131;  Barcoclieba,  a  Jew,  obtained  possession  a.d.  132; 
recaptured  by  Romans,  a.d.  135,  and  named  .^lia  Capitolina.  The 
Jews  were  not  allowed  afterward  to  enter  the  city  until  the  middle 
of  the  fourth  century.  Pilgrimages  of  Christians  to  Jerusalem  began 
a.d.  326,  when  it  was  visited  by  Helena,  the  mother  of  Constantine. 
Since  the  fall  of  the  Roman  empire,  the  city  has  many  times  been 
captured  and  recaptured.  It  has  been  in  the  hands  of  the  Turks 
since  a.d.  1S47. 

Jor^dan  River.  The  principal  river  of  Palestine,  and  the  only 
river  named  in  the  Gospels.  Its  sources  are  in  the  Lebanon  Moun- 
tains, and  it  empties  into  the  Dead  Sea.  In  its  course  it  falls  3,012 
feet.  It  is  narrow,  deep,  and  swift  till  near  its  mouth.  It  is  very 
crooked,  its  length,  following  its  course  between  the  Sea  of  Galilee 
and  the  Dead  Sea,  being  more  than  three  times  its  direct  length. 

Judae^a,  Wilderness  of.  A  district  of  country  extending 
from  Bethany  to  the  Jordan  and  south,  mountainous  and  waste, 
and  never  cultivated,  being  occupied  chiefly  by  robbers. 

IHacliaeruS.  A  strong  fortress  on  the  frontier  of  Persea  and 
Arabia.  Josephus  says  that  it  was  the  place  of  the  execution  of 
John  the  Baptist,  ^  and  hence  was  probably  the  place  of  his  impris- 
onment. 

Mag^^dala.  A  town  on  the  west  shore  of  the  Sea  of  Galilee, 
south  of  Capernaum.     Its  exact  location  is  not  known. 

Mori^ali;  Mount.  The  summit  on  which  the  temple  stood. 
Its  height  is  about  2,500  feet. 

Xa^in.  A  small  town  of  Galilee,  situated  about  four  miles  from 
Mt.  Tabor  and  twenty-five  miles  southwest  of  Capernaum. 

Xaz^aretll.  The  home  of  Jesus  during  his  early  life.  It  is  sit- 
uated among  the  mountains,  1,200  feet  above  sea  level,  twenty-five 
miles  from  Capernaum,  and  about  sixty  miles  from  Jerusalem. 
It  was  unknown  to  history  previous  to  New  Testament  times.  Its 
present  population  is  about  4,700. 

'Antiquities,  XVIII.,  5,  2. 


72  JESUS  THE   NAZARENE. 

OliveS;  Mount  of.  A  rounded  hill  east  of  Jerusalem,  and 
separated  from  the  city  by  the  valley  of  Kedron.  Its  summit  is 
about  one-fifth  of  a  mile  from  the  temple  on  an  air  line;  by  the  road, 
3,075  feet.     Its  height  is  2,700  feet. 

Pal^'estine.  Names. — Canaan,  Holy  Land,  Palestine.  Size. — 
About  one  hundred  and  ninety-three  miles  long  by  seventy-five  miles 
average  width.  Divisions  ifi  Time  of  Christ. — Judaea,  Samaria,  and 
Galilee  west  of  the  Jordan;  Peraea  and  Philip's  tetrarchy  east. 
Generally  mountainous.  Climate. — Very  fine  in  the  dry  season;  slight 
frosts  in  winter.  Prodiids. — Wheat,  barley,  millet,  fruits.  History. — 
Palestine  was  settled  b}'  descendants  of  Canaan,  the  fourth  son  of 
Ham,  and  was  for  ages  the  home  of  idolatrous  tribes.  It  was 
conquered  by  Joshua,  B.C.  1451  to  1425,  and  remained  in  possession 
of  Israel  until  B.C.  721,  when  the  northern  part  was  conquered  by 
Sargon,  king  of  Assyria.  B.C.  586  the  southern  part  was  conquered 
by  Nebuchadnezzar,  and  in  B.C.  536  the  entire  country  became  subject 
to  Cyrus,  king  of  Persia,  who  permitted  the  return  of  the  Jews 
carried  captive  to  Babylon,  and  the  rebuilding  of  the  temple  destroyed 
by  Nebuchadnezzar.  B.C.  112  the  country  was  conquered  by  Alex- 
ander the  Great,  and  in  b.c.  312  it  passed  under  the  control  of  the 
Seleucidge,  between  whom  and  the  Ptolemies  of  Egypt  it  alternated 
until  B.C.  198,  when  the  power  of  the  Ptolemies  was  broken,  and 
Palestine  was  again  subject  to  the  Seleucidae.  Thus  it  remained 
until  B.C.  158,  when  the  Jews,  under  the  leadership  of  the  Macca- 
bees, again  secured  national  independence.  This  condition  continued 
till  the  conquest  by  Rome,  B.C.  63.  The  Jews  again  rebelled  against 
the  Roman  authority  in  a.d.  66,  and  were  reconquered  by  Titus 
A.D.  70.  In  the  sixth  century  the  country  was  conquered  by  the 
Mohammedans,  and  in  a.d.  1099  was  recaptured  by  the  Crusaders 
and  again  placed  under  European  rule.  In  a.d.  1187  it  was  again 
conquered  by  the  Mohammedans,  and  in  a.d.  1517  by  the  Turks, 
who,  notwithstanding  several  subsequent  defeats,  still  hold  posses- 
sion. 

Pass^over.  The  greatest  of  the  Jewish  feasts,  and  one  of  the 
three  which  all  of  the  Jews  were  required  to  attend,  if  possible.     It 


APPENDIX.  73 

was  kept  iu  niemor}-  of  the  deliverance  from  Kg}pt.  It  began  with 
the  feast  of  unleavened  bread,  which  was  eaten  on  the  evening  of 
the  close  of  the  14th  Nisan,  counting  the  day  to  end  at  sunset.  It 
continued  for  one  week.  Josephus  saj-s  that  freqitentl}-  3,000,000 
people  attended  the  feast,  and  that  as  many  as  256,000  lambs  were 
slain  and  eaten.  On  account  of  their  sj'stem  of  keeping  time,  using 
intercalar}'  months,  the  feast  did  not  occur  each  year  at  the  same 
time  in  the  year.  In  the  j-ear  of  the  crucifixion,  Nisan  14  fell  on 
April  6,  counting  that  Nisan  14  closed  at  sunset. 

Pen^tecost.  The  second  of  three  great  annual  feasts.  It  occurred 
fifty  days  after  the  Passover,  and  lasted  but  one  day.  It  was  the 
Jewish  harvest-home. 

Pliar^iseeS.  The  extreme  religionists  of  the  Jews  in  the  time  of 
Christ,  especially  devoted  to  the  observance  of  the  law  as  interpreted 
by  the  traditions.  Thej^  were  rituali.sts  rather  than  moralists. 
They  formed  the  middle  class  of  people,  were  more  numerous  than 
the  Sadducees,  and  were  bitter  enemies  of  Jesus. 

Publicans.  This  name  represents  neither  a  class  nor  a  party, 
but  rather  an  occupation.  They  were  men  who  followed  buying  of 
the  government  the  privilege  of  collecting  the  taxes  in  certain  dis- 
tricts, which  implied  the  right  to  exact  of  the  people  about  as  they 
chose.  They  were  especially  noted  for  oppression  and  extortion. 
They  were  greath-  hated  by  the  Jews,  and  were  classed  among  the 
very  lowest. 

Pu^rim.  An  annual  feast  in  the  month  of  INIarch,  kept  in  memory 
of  the  deliverance  of  the  Jews  from  the  murderous  intentions  of 
Haman. 

Rabbis.  These  were  teachers.  The  term  is  almost,  but  not 
entirely,  S3'nonymous  with  scribe.  The  recognized  rabbis  in  the  time 
of  Christ  were  cliiefl}'  Pharisees.  Their  teaching  was  held  to  be 
superior  in  authority  to  that  of  the  law.  The  INIishna  declares  it  a 
greater  crime  to  speak  against  the  rabbis  than  against  the  law. 

Sad^duceeS.  In  the  time  of  Christ,  the  liberalists,  in  teaching 
and  practice.  They  discredited  traditions,  and  accepted  only  the  teach- 
ing of  Moses.     They  were  moralists  rather  than  ritualists,  and  consti- 


74  JESUS  THE   NAZARENE. 

tuted  the  more  wealthy  class  of  the  community — the  upper  classes. 
They  were  a  comparatively  small  party,  and  were  unpopular  with 
the  masses.  The}-  denied  the  immortalit}^  of  the  soul  and  the 
resurrection. 

Scribes.  Cop3-ists  and  teachers  of  the  law.  They  were  mostly 
Pharisees,  but  were  not  confined  to  an}-  party. 

Si^don.  One  of  the  oldest  cities  of  the  world, — the  "mother  of 
Phoenicia," — situated  on  the  east  coast  of  the  Mediterranean. 

Sil^oam,  Pool  of.  A  pool  at  the  union  of  the  Tyropcean  and 
Kedron  valleys,  supplied  with  water  brought  in  a  subterranean 
channel  from  the  Fountain  of  the  Virgin,  on  the  west  side  of  the 
valle}^  of  Jehosliaphat. 

Sy^cbar.  A  village  of  Samaria,  in  the  valley  between  Mounts 
Ebal  and  Gerizim,  near  Jacob's  well. 

Synag^Ogue.  A  congregation  of  ten  or  more  Jews.  It  grew 
out  of  necessities  caused  b}'  the  Bab3donian  captivit}',  and  assumed 
especial  importance  about  the  time  of  the  ^laccabees.  In  Jerusalem, 
in  the  time  of  Christ,  there  were  four  hundred  and  eighty  syna- 
gogues. The  term  synagogue  was  applied  to  both  the  congregation 
and  the  place  of  worship. 

Tabernacles,  Feast  of.  The  third  of  the  three  great  annual 
feasts.  It  was  kept  in  commemoration  of  dwelling  in  tents  in  the 
wilderness,  and  was  a  feast  of  thanksgiving.  It  began  on  Tisri  15, 
and  lasted  one  week,  the  first  and  last  days  being  counted  Sabbaths. 
The  last  day  was  "the  great  daj'  of  the  feast." 

Tab^or,  Mount.  An  isolated  peak  in  Galilee.  Its  height  is 
about  2,000  feet.  B5'  some  it  is  thought  to  be  the  scene  of  the 
Transfiguration. 

Xemple,  Xbe.  The  temple  of  Christ's  time  was  begun  by 
Herod  the  Great,  b.c.  20-17,  but  was  not  completed  until  a.d.  65. 
It  was  modeled  after  the  temple  built  by  Solomon.  The  size  of  the 
temple  proper  was  thirty  b)^  ninety  feet.  It  was  surrounded  by 
chambers  and  porticoes.  It  stood  in  a  walled  enclosure,  the 
dimensions  of  which  were  about  nine  hundred  and  ninety  feet  on  the 
north,  one  thousand  feet  on  the  east,  nine  hundred  and  ten  on  the 


APPENDIX.  75 

south,  and  one  thousand  and  .sixt}-  on  the  west.  The  outer  part  of 
this  area  was  called  the  court  of  the  Gentiles.  Within  this  was 
the  sacred  enclosure  —  three  hundred  feet  north  and  south  by  six 
hundred  and  thirty  feet  east  and  west  — within  which  only  Jews 
might  enter.  The  eastern  part  of  this  enclosure  was  the  court  of  the 
women,  or  "  the  treasury,"  an  open  space  of  about  two  hundred  and 
forty  feet  square.  At  the  east  side  of  this  space  is  believed  to  have  been 
the  portico  called  "Solomon's  Porch,"  entered  through  the  "beautiful 
gate."  West  of  the  court  of  the  women  was  the  court  of  Israel,  an 
open  corridor  three  hundred  and  twenty  feet  east  and  west  by  two 
hundred  and  forty  feet  north  and  south,  sixteen  feet  deep  on  the 
north  and  south  sides,  and  twenty-four  feet  on  the  east  and  west 
sides.  Within  this  was  the  court  of  the  priests,  about  two  hundred 
and  seventy-five  feet  long  east  and  west  by  two  hundred  feet  north 
and  south.  Within  this  was  the  temple  proper — not  far  from  the 
west  wall  of  the  temple  area  and  facing  east.  The  temple  proper 
was  divided  into  two  parts  — the  Holy  Place  and  Most  Holy  Place. 
These  were  separated  b}-  a  heavy  curtain  or  veil.  The  entire  enclos- 
ure was  frequently  called  "the  temple." 

Tyre.     One  of  the  most  important  commercial  cities  of  antiquity, 
belonging  to  Phoenicia,  on  the  east  coast  of  the  Mediterranean. 


GENERAL   INDEX. 


Abia,  course  of,  at  the  temple,  10. 

Adulterous  womr.u,  42. 

Alexander  the  Great,  17. 

Andrew  called,  "3. 

Annas,  Jesus  before,  56. 

Appearances  of  Jesus  after  resurrection, 

64,  65. 
Archelaus,  ethnarch  of  Judaea,  16,  20. 
Arrest  of  Jesus,  56. 
Ascension  of  Jesus,  66. 
Augustus  Csesar,  emperor,  9,  16, 19. 

Baptism  of  Jesus,  22. 

date  of,  10, 11, 15. 
Barabbas,  release  of,  asked,  .58. 
Bartimeus  healed,  48. 
Bethabara,  Jesus  at,  45,  46. 
Bethany  visited  by  Jesus,  42,  45,  47,  49,  50, 

et  seq. 
Bethsaida  Julias  visited,  36,  ,39. 
Birth  of  Jesus,  19. 

date  of,  9, 10,  11, 15. 
"Bread  of  Life,"'  Jesus  the,  37. 
Burial  of  Jesus,  61. 

C.ESAEEA  Philippi,  Jesus  near,  39. 
Caiaphas,  argued  for  death  of  Jesus,  47. 

Jesus  before,  57. 
Cana  visited  by  Jesus,  23,  25. 
Capernaum,  first  visit  of  Jesus  to,  23. 

chosen  by  Jesus  as  his  home,  27. 
Cave  of  Nativity,  19. 
Children  received  by  Jesus,  48. 
Circumcision  of  Jesus,  20. 
"Comforter,"  the,  promised,  55. 
Conspiracy  against  Jesus,  26,  29. 
Cross,  the,  of  Calvary,  59. 
Crucifixion  of  Jesus,  the,  60,  61. 

date  of,  11-15. 

hour  of,  15. 

Decapolis,  Jesus  journeyed  through,  38. 


Dedication,  feast  of  the,  13, 14. 

feast  of,  Jesus  present  at,  45. 
Disciples  re-collected,  27. 
Divorce  spoken  of,  48. 

Emmaus,  Jesus'  appearanee  at,  after  his 

resurrection,  64. 
Ephraim,  Jesus  at,  47 

Faith  spoken  of,  47,  52. 
Feasts,  Jewish,  14. 

mentioned  in  the  Gospels,  13. 
Flight  to  Egypt,  20. 
Forgiveness  spoken  of,  40,  47. 

Galilee,  first  circuit  of,  27. 

second  circuit  of,  29. 

third  circuit  of,  35. 
Gennesaret,  36. 
Gergesa,  visited  by  Jesus,  32. 
Gethsemane,  agony  in,  55,  56. 
"  Great  Commission,"  65. 
Greatest  in  the  kingdom,  40,  55. 
Greeks  desire  to  see  Jesus,  53. 

Herod  Antipas,  enmity  of,  45. 

Jesus  before,  59. 

slow  John  the  Baptist,  35. 

totrarch,  16. 
Herod  the  Great,  9,  16. 

death  of,  9. 
Holy  Spirit  testified  of  Jesus,  22. 

Jacob's  well,  Jesus  at,  24. 

Jericho,  Jesus  at,  48. 

Jerusalem,  bewailed  by  Jesus,  45,  51. 

destruction  of,  foretold,  53,  54. 

triumphal  entry  of,  51. 
Jesus,  agony  of,  55. 

announced  as  Messiah,  23,  24. 

anointed,  30,  50. 

appearances   of,   after   resurrection, 
64,  65. 


76 


GENERAL    INDEX. 


11 


arrest  of,  attempted,  41. 

arrested,  56. 

ascension  of,  66. 

at  wedding,  23. 

ato  with  Publicans,  32,  46. 

attempts  made  to  stone,  42,  45. 

baptism  of,  22. 

date  of,  10, 11,  15. 
betrayal  of,  56. 
birth  of,  19. 

date  of,  9,  10,  11,  15. 
burial  of,  61. 
carpenter,  a,  21. 
charged  with  being  in  league  with 

Beelzebub,  31,  34,  44. 
charged  with  blasphemy,  28. 
circumcision  of,  20. 
crucifixion  of,  60,  61. 

date  of,  11-15. 

hour  of,  15. 
death  and  resurrection  of,  foretold, 

39,  40,  48. 
dined  with  Pharisee,  30,  44,  46. 
feast  of  Levi,  at,  32. 
home  of  Mary,  Martha,  and  Lazarus, 

at,  42,  45,  47,  49. 
in  prayer,  27,  29,  36,  55,  56. 
in  retirement,  at  Bethabara,  45,  46. 

at  Ephraim,  47. 

at  or  near  Cana,  25. 

in  Phoenicia,  38. 

near  Csesarea  Philippi,  39. 
journeys  of,  13. 
Judaean  ministry  of,  23,  24. 
lodged  with  Zaccheus,  48. 
ministry,  length  of,  13. 
mocked,  59,  60. 
questioned  in  the  temple,  52. 
rejected  at  Xazaretb,  26,  35. 
rejected  by  Samaritans,  43. 
reproved  Pharisees,  30,  31,  37,  44. 
resurrection  of,  63. 
scourged,  59. 
sought  by  friends,  29,  31. 
supped  with  Simon  the  leper,  50. 
temptation  of,  22. 
trial  of,  56-59. 
washed  disciples'  feet,  55. 
John  the  Apostle  called,  23. 
John  the  Baptist,  beheaded,  35. 
birth  of,  18. 

date  of,  10. 
early  life  of,  21. 
in  prison,  26. 


ministry  of,  22,  24. 

date  of  beginning,  10, 11. 

promised,  10,  18. 

sent  messengers  to  Jesus,  30. 
Joseph,  death  of,  21. 
Joseph  of  Arimathea  buries  Jesus,  Gl. 
Journeys  of  Jesus,  13. 
Judas,  bargained  to  betray  Jesus,  54. 

betrayed  Jesus,  56. 

hanged  himself,  57. 

objected  to  the  anointing  of  Jesus,  50. 

withdrew  to  betray  Jesus,  55. 

Lawyek,  questioned  Jesus,  43. 

objected  to  Jesus'  reply  to  Pharisees, 
44. 
Lazarus,  life  of,  sought,  50. 
Levi  called,  28. 
Levites  came  to  John,  23. 
Lord's  Supper  instituted,  55. 

Magi  visited  Jesus,  20. 
Miracles- 
draught  of  fishes,  27,  65. 
fig  tree  cursed,  51. 
five  thousand  fed,  36. 
four  thousand  fed,  38. 
general,  24. 
healings — 

blind,  31,  33,  39,  42,  48. 

centurion's  servant,  29. 

demoniacs,  27,  32. 

dropsy,  46. 

dumb  possessed,  33,  43. 

general,  27,  28,  29,  37,  38. 

impotent  man,  26. 

infirm  woman,  44. 

issue  of  blood,  33. 

leprosy,  43. 

lunatic,  39. 

Malehus's  ear,  56. 

nobleman's  son,  25. 

paralytic,  27. 

Peter's  mother-in-law,  27. 

Syro-Phcenician  maid,  38. 

withered  hand,  28. 
raised  to  life — 

daughter  of  Jairus,  33. 

Lazarus,  47. 

widow's  son,  29. 
shekel  in  fish's  mouth,  40. 
stilled  the  storm,  32. 
walked  on  Sea  of  Galilee,  36. 
water  made  wine,  23. 


78 


JESUS  THE  NAZARENE. 


Nain  visited  by  Jesus,  29. 
Nathanael  called,  23. 
Nazareth  the  home  of  Jesus,  21. 
"New  birth,"  21. 
Nicodemus,  taught  by  Jesus,  24. 

defended  Jesus,  41. 

assisted  to  bury  Jesus,  61. 

"Offences,"  40,  47. 

Palestine,  description,  history,  etc.,  see 
"Appendix." 

government  of,  in  time  of  Christ,  16. 

inhabitants  of,  16, 17. 
Parables- 
Barren  Fig  Tree,  44. 

Draw  Net,  31. 

Friend  at  Midnight,  43. 

Good  Samaritan,  43. 

Good  Shepherd,  43. 

Goodly  Pearl,  31. 

Great  Supper,  46. 

Hid  Treasure,  31. 

Laborers  in  Vineyard,  48. 

Leaven,  31,  45. 

Lost  Piece  of  Money,  46. 

Lost  Sheep,  40,  46. 

Marriage  of  King's  Son,  52. 

Mustard  Seed,  31,  45. 

Pharisee  and  Publican,  47. 

Pounds,  49. 

Prodigal  Son,  47. 

Rich  Fool,  44. 

Rich  Man  and  Lazarus,  47. 

Sower,  31. 

Talents,  54. 

Tares,  31. 

Ten  Virgins,  54, 

Two  Debtors,  30. 

Two  Sons,  52. 

Unjust  Judge,  47. 

Unjust  Steward,  47. 

Unmerciful  Servant,  40. 

Wicked  Husbandmen,  52. 
Passion  week,  50-62. 
Passover,  11-15,  36. 

Jesus  present  at,  21,  23,  26,  54. 

number  of,  during  ministry  of  Jesus, 
13, 14. 
PassovtT  supper,  did  Jesus  eat  last,  12. 
Pentecost,  14. 

Persea,  journey  of  Jesus  through,  43. 
Peter,  confessed  Jesus,  37,  39. 

defended  Jesus,  56. 


denied  Jesus,  57. 

rescued  from  drowning,  36 

warned  of  denial,  55. 
Philip  called,  23. 
Philip  the  tetrarch,  16. 
PUate,  Jesus  before,  57-59. 

procurator  of  Judeea,  16. 
Pilate's  wife,  58. 
Procurators  of  Judeea,  16. 
Purim,  feast  of,  14,  15. 

Request  of  mother  of  James  and  John, 

48. 
Resurrection  of  Jesus,  63. 

Sabbath,  true  doctrine  of  the,  28. 
Samaritan  woman,  Jesus  conversed  with, 

24. 
Sanhedrin  discussed   putting   Jesus   to 

death,  47. 
Self-denial  commended,  46,  48. 
Sermon  on  the  Mount,  29. 
Seventy,  the,  sent  out,  43. 
"  Sign  "  asked,  38,  44. 
Simon  Peter  called,  23. 
Slaughter  of  innocents,  20. 

Tabernacles,  feast  of,  13, 14. 

Jesus  present  at,  40-43. 
Temple,  the,  at  Jerusalem,  17. 

cleansed,  23,  52. 
Temple,  Samaritan,  17. 
Temptation  of  Jesus,  22. 
Thief  converted,  60. 
Thomas  convinced,  65. 
Tiberius  Ceesar,  10, 11. 
Tomb  of  Jesus  guarded,  62. 
Transfiguration,  the,  39. 
Trial  of  Jesus,  56-59. 
Twelve,  the,  chosen,  29. 

sent  out,  35. 
Tyre  and  Sidon,  region  of,  visited,  38. 

"  Unwashed  hands,"  37,  44. 

Voice  from  heaven,  53. 

Widow's  mite,  53. 

Woes  against  scribes  and  Pharisees,  53. 

Zaccheus,  Jesus  lodged  with,  48. 
Zacharias,  the  priest,  10, 18. 


SCRIPTURE  INDEX. 


Page. 

1. 

19-25. 

19 

9, 

1-28. 
1- 

20 
22 

3. 

4. 

11. 

4. 

12.... 

26 

4. 

13-22. 

.. .. 

.  26,  27 

4. 

23-25. 

27 

B-' 

1. 
2-4. 

29 

27 

8. 

8. 

5-13. 

29 

8 

14-17. 
18- 

27 
.  31,  32 

8, 

9. 

1. 

9. 

2-9. 

.  27,  28 

9. 

10-34. 

.  32-;j4 

9. 

35  — 

10. 

42. 

35 

11. 

1-30. 

.  29,  30 

12. 

1-21. 

.  28,  29 

12. 

22  — 

13. 

52. 

31 

1 

1-14. 
14,15. 

22 
26 

1 

1. 

16-20. 

27 

1 

21-45. 
1-14. 

27 
.  27,  28 

2. 

2. 

15-22. 

.  32,  33 

2. 

23  — 

3. 

12. 

.  28,  29 

3 

13-19. 
20,21. 

29 
29 

3. 

3. 

22  — 

4. 

34. 

31 

4. 

35  — 

5. 

21. 

32 

fi 

22-43. 
1-44. 

33 
.  35,  36 

6. 

6. 

45-56. 

.  36,37 

7. 

1-30. 

.  37,38 

7. 

31  — 

8. 

26. 

.  38,39 

8. 

27- 

9. 

1. 

39 

1 

5-38. 
80.... 

18 

1. 

18 

MATTHEW. 

Page. 

13.  53-58 35 

14.  1-21 35,36 

14.  22-36 36,37 

15.  1-28 37,38 

15.  29—  16.  12...  38,39 

16.  13—  18.  35...  39,40 

19.      1,  2 43 

19.  3—  20.  34...  47,48 

21.      1-11 50,51 

21.     12-17 51,52 

21.    18,19 51 

21.  20-   23.  39...  52,53 

24.  1—26.     5...  53,54 

26.      6-13 50 

26.    14-16 54 

26.    17-20 54 

26.     21-25 55 

MARK. 

9.       2-32 39,40 

9.     33-50 40 

10.      1 43 

10.      2-31 47,48 

10.  32-52 48 

11.  1-18 50-52 

11.     19 52 

11.  20—  12.  44...  42,53 

13.  1-37 53,54 

14.  3-9 50 

14.     10,11 54 

14.     12-17 54 

14.     18-21 55 

14.     22-25 55 

14.     26-52 55,56 

14.  53—  15.     1...        57 

15.  2-5 57,.58 

LUKE. 

2.      1-39 19,20 

2.    39-50 20,21 

79 


Page. 

26.     26-35 55 

26.    36-56 55,56 

26.  57—    27.  14...  57,58 

27.  15-23 58,59 

27.    24-31 59 

27.    32,33 59 

27.    34-38 60 

27.    39-44 60 

27.    45-47 60 

27.    48,49 60 

27.    50 60 

27.    51-56 61 

27.    57-61 61 

27.  62-66 61 

28.  1-8 63 

28.      9,10 64 

28.    16-20 65 

15.      6-14 58 

15.     15-20 59 

15.     21,22 59 

15.     23 60 

15,     24-32 60 

15.     33-35 60 

15.     36 60 

15.     37 60 

15.     38-41 61 

15.  42-47 61 

16.  1-8 63 

16.      9-11 64 

16.    12,13 64 

16.     14 64 

16.     15-18 65 

16.     19 66 

2.    51,52 21 

.3.  1—      4.  13...  22 


8o 


JESUS  THE  NAZARENE. 


LUKE — Continued. 


Page. 

4.    14-al 26 

4.    32-41 27 

4.  42-44 27 

5.  1-11 27 

5.    12-15 27 

5.    16 27 

5.    17-28 27,28 

5,  29-39 32,33 

6.  1-11 28,29 

6.  12—      7.  10...        29 

7.  11—      8.     3...  29-31 

8.  4-18 31 

8.    19-21 31 

8.    22-40 32 

8.  41-56 38 

9.  1-6 35 

9.      7-17 35,36 

9,    18-45 39 


9. 
9 

46-50. 

51-56. 

57-60 

61,62 

1-37 

38-42 

1  — 

1-35. 

1  — 

11-19 

20  — 

15-30 

31-34 

35  — 

29-44 

45-48 

1- 

5-36 

Page. 

40 

43 

31 

43 

43 

45 

.  43,  44 

.  44,  45 

.  46,  47 

43 

47 

48 

48 

.  48,  49 

.  50,  51 

.  51,  52 

.  52,  53 

.  53,  54 

21. 
22. 
22. 
22. 
22. 
22. 
22. 
22. 
22. 
23. 
23. 
23. 
23. 
23. 
23. 
24. 
24. 
24. 

37  — 
7-14. 

15-20. 

21-23. 

24-30. 

31-38. 

39-53. 

54.... 

55  — 
2-21. 

22-25. 

26-43. 

44,45. 

46-49. 

50-56. 
1-12. 

13-49. 

50-53. 

22. 

Page. 
6...        54 
54 

9 

55 

9. 
10 

55 

54 

10 

12. 
17. 

59. 

10. 

55 

11. 
13. 
14. 
1  7 

23. 

55,56 

57 

1   ..        57 

:?,  58 

1  7 

18. 

14. 

59 

18 

59,  60 

1  8 

19. 

21. 

28. 
4. 

60 

18. 
19 

60 

61 

19. 

■^0 

63,64 

64 

21. 

66 

JOHN. 


1. 

19-      2. 

12. 

.  22,  23 

12. 

2, 

13-      3. 

23. 

.  23,  24 

12. 

4, 

1-54 

.  24,  25 

12. 

fi 

1-47 

26 
.  35,36 

13. 

6. 

1-21 

18. 

6. 

22-71 

37 

18. 

7. 

2-   10. 

21. 

.  40-43 

18. 

10. 

22-40 

45 

18. 

10 

40-42 

46 
47 

19. 

n. 

1-57 

1 49 

1-19 50,51 

20-50 53 

1-    17.   2G...        55 

1 55 

2-27 56,57 

28-38 57,58 

39,40 58 

1-22 59,60 


19 

23,24 

60 

19. 
19 

25-27 

28-30 

60 

60 

19 

31-37 

61 

19. 
20. 
^0 

38-42 

1-18 

18-23 

61 

63,64 

64 

20. 
21. 

24-29 

1-25 

..  ..  65 
65 

ACTS. 


1.      4-12. 


DATE  DUE 

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1 

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